INFECTION. 125 



cliildren having scarlet fever, but no infection would take place ; or 

 strew its floor with the alvine dejections of typhus patients, with- 

 out causing infection of the horses. 



Who ever saw the characteristic lesions of the Fever's patches of 

 human abdominal typhus in the horse or any animal i 



The diseases which we will consider imder the head of anthra- 

 coid are the so-called emphysema infectiosum (black quarter) of cat- 

 tle, splenic or Texas fever, and the hog-cholera. 



The disease which Eoell calls typhus equina (purpura of Will- 

 iams), and which he looks upon as anthrax or nearly akin to it, 

 bears far more relation in its clinical phenomena to anthrax in man 

 than to genuine anthrax in the horse, though it is uncjucstionably 

 an infectious disease and not a consequential complication of the 

 infectious pneumo-enteritis — influenza — of the horse, or strangles, 

 as some veterinarians claim. It occurs as frequently idiopathically 

 as it follows either of these diseases. In such cases they simply 

 act as a purveyor or preparer of the equine organism to the action 

 of a new inficieus. 



EMPnYSEMA Infectiosum. 



This disease, which is known to lis as black quarter, from the 

 peculiar color of sections of the muscles, or as Rauschbrand to the 

 Germans, from the peculiar rustling which follows stroking the skin 

 or cutting through the flesh of such animals, has quite a number of 

 pathological phenomena in common with anthrax, and frequently 

 occurs in the same localities. In its clinical appearances it is very 

 diflerent. 



It is peculiarly a bovine disease ; but I have had a case in a 

 horse in Boston during the past year. I saw numerous cases of the 

 disease among cattle during my studies of anthrax in the Bavarian 

 mountains in 1878. 



In the following remarks I shall mainly follow the description 

 of the disease as given by Professor Feser, who with Bollinger has 

 been the only one that has given any special study to it. 



This disease of cattle has undoubtedly been known for a long 

 time, but has always been looked upon as an abortive form or pecul- 

 iar symptom of anthrax, no independent study of it having ever taken 

 place until the two observers named paid especial attention to it. 

 It occurs everywhere, but the Bavarian Alps are especially visited 

 by it. It is not so much found in the hot months as anthrax, but 

 in general occurs at about the same period. It is neither anthrax 

 nor any form of anthrax. 



