158 THE DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



to produce self-infection, by eroding the nasal mucosa so that the 

 discharge would necessarily flow over the wounded surface. A 

 comj)letely negative result followed. 



" The nasal discharge was very variable, being on some days 

 scarcely visible, and on others very profuse ; at times it assumed a 

 thick, muco-purulent character." 



" On the 7th of May (1878), I succeeded (by means of Gunther's 

 nasal speculum) in discovering a radiating cicatrix on the septum 

 in the superior parts of left nostril, which occasioned me to request 

 the owner to give it over to the school for further observation and 

 eventual slaughter." 



" Numerous attempts at self-inoculation were made, but were en- 

 tirely unsuccessful, but the constant presence of the cicatricial forma- 

 tions in the nasal membranes permitted an unquestionable diagnosis, 

 so that the animal was killed on the 23d of May, 1878." 



Autopsy {Bollinger). — " Chronic glanders of the nasal cavities, 

 the superior part of the sinus sinistra marred with large stellate cica- 

 trices ; perforation of the septum, cicatrices and ulcers of the mu- 

 cosa, and miliary tubercles in the moderately swollen glands." 



" Glanders of the larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, bronchiec- 

 tasis ; glanders of both lungs, cicatricial atrophy of left lung." 



" The nature of the pathological conditions makes it evident that 

 they had been present for a very long time, the exact period not 

 being ascertainable, but, as is shown, for over two years, during 

 which time this non-suspected animal had been the means of causing 

 the disease in others." 



Having very cursorily looked over the views of some of the rep- 

 resentative authors of veterinary medicine as to the nature of gland- 

 ers, it becomes us to endeavor to define our own ideas. 



Glanders is, then, a peculiar infectio-contagious disease, which 

 occurs protopathically only in the horse ; the original cause of 

 which is unknown and lost in history, but which, in our day, owes 

 its genesis entirely to contagion. 



Spontaneous generation of glanders is for us an absurdity ; even 

 so is the so-called metamorphosis or degeneration of other diseases, 

 such as strangles, influenza, diabetes, or marasmus — a condition — 

 into it ; equally absurd are the assertions of authors, that bad hygi- 

 enic influences, of whatever kind or nature, overwork, etc., can 

 directly cause the development of the disease. 



Were this so, we should have glanders constantly raging in cer- 

 tain districts, as an en- or epi-zootic disease, which is not ever the 

 case. 



