190 THE DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



occurrence, and many of our text-books make no reference to the 

 clinical phenomena by which it is indicated ; but when present we 

 can almost, if not always, find casts and detritus in the urine, as well 

 as albumen. 



It is also worth recording that this shrinking of the equine kid- 

 ney in chronic glanders — I have never seen it in any other disease, 

 but my own experience is very limited — which is due to prolif- 

 eration of the elements of the stroma, and thus anticipated by a 

 swollen condition of these organs, does not give rise to that granu- 

 lous or hob-nailed appearance, which occurs in man under like 

 processes, and produce the condition falsely called cirrhosis renalis 

 — Kcppo<i, yellow — a name given to the yellow appearance of the 

 cut surface of the liver — rum-drinker's liver — due to stocking of 

 the gall, under similar processes, upon the hepatic stroma. The 

 framework of the liver of the horse is complicated in a like man- 

 ner, giving rise to brown atrophy. 



As the disease assumes an acute character, we find the organic 

 parenchyma also affected, which makes itself anatomically apparent 

 in the clouded swollen condition of the cells, the fatty metamor- 

 phosis of their plasma, and finds its expression in the w^eak move- 

 ments of the organs, muscles, and the gradually approaching ma- 

 rasmus. 



The very frequent occurrence of ante-mortein coagula in the 

 heart, and formation of extended and bleached-out thrombi in the 

 pulmonary veins, is to be attributed to the weakness of the heart, 

 due to parenchymatous carditis. 



In the report of Ditmars (to the Agricultural Department, pre- 

 viously alluded to) on glanders, may be read quite a dissertation 

 upon glanders-cells as something specific. This idea is borrowed 

 from Gerlach, and is simply a product of the period when Gerlach 

 studied the disease, and the minds and endeavors of pathologists 

 were all bent toward the discovery and description of specific cells. 



Singular to say, Gerlach, who was in general not only a skep- 

 tical but most logical man, fell into this error. 



Gerlach says : " The neoplasmatic processes of glanders consist 

 of round ceUs, spindle-cells, the last in part derivatives from the 

 former, and the proliferation of the connective tissue, which, by-the- 

 way, is only a secondary phenomenon in glanders, and has nothing 

 specific. These round cells have nothing singular in their form, 

 they are like granulation and pus cells ; nevertheless, they are spe- 

 cific and the true basis of the disease — they are therefore gland- 

 ers-ceUs." 



