ANTHRAX, ETC. 365 



slaughter or milk purposes are being kept, on account of its pene- 

 trating odor. It is only soluble in water to two per cent, but a com- 

 plete solution is unnecessary for disinfection purposes. In the dis- 

 infection of wooden or iron objects, a mixture of the crude acid 

 with four to six parts water or oil is suthcient. Coal-tar or wood- 

 tar also act as fair disinfectants at times. 



'" Heat. — Dnj heat in closed 7'oams, when the temperature has 

 been raised to 70° C, makes a very good disinfectant for clothing, 

 wool, liair, bones, etc. 



" Hot ivater and steam are valuable in destroying the germs of 

 infection. 



'■''Fire is to be used to destroy contaminated wood-work, and 

 cleansing various iron utensils. 



" A free exposure for a long time to the circulating atmosphere 

 is often valuable in so widely dispersing the infectious elements as 

 to nullify their action." 



Disinfection with Reference to the Different Contagious or Infec- 

 tious Animal Diseases. 



Anthrax. — " The infectious elements of this disease possess a 

 great degree of tenacity. They are not securely destroyed by des- 

 iccation, or by the dry dissolution of the cadaver in the earth. 

 Chemicals used in disinfection must be of the strongest concentra- 

 tion. Great heat, chloride of lime, and freshly-slaked lime (thick) 

 are amonoj the best. The beddin^r and manure of diseased animals 

 must be burned. Blood or other fluid elements from the diseased 

 animals must be treated with chloride of lime or freshly-burned 

 lime ; four or five per cent carbolic acid solutions are suitable for 

 the disinfection of the hands, instruments, etc. 



Foot- and- Mouth Disease. — " The infectious elements are quite 

 movable and easily destroyed ; therefore, the disinfection of infected 

 stables may be limited to a thorough cleaning. 



Contafjions Pleuro-jmeinnonia. — " The infectious elements are 

 movable, and come from the diseased lungs with the expired air, 

 filling the atmosphere around the diseased animals, and being again 

 taken up by the others in the stable. AVhere the nature of the 

 conditions will allow it, the stables are to be treated with weak 

 chlorine-gas ; this is not necessary with animals at the public 

 slaughter-houses. In staliles where the hay and straw are situ- 

 ated over diseased cattle, the superficial parts must be careful- 

 ly removed, and not used for feeding cattle after the diseased 

 ones have been removed. Stables in which only animals that have 



