LESIONS IN ABDOMINAL CAVITY 135 



cecum or head of the large bowel, is the most commonly and the 

 most pronouncedly affected of all the small intestine. 



The nature and extent of the lesions in the ileum will vary 

 greatly with the type of disease. As has been stated in previous 

 pages, we frequently meet with eases in the field in which there is 

 absolutely no visible changes whatever in the bowel, and in which 

 the mucous membrane of the bowel has a clear, smooth, velvety 

 appearance and no signs of disease whatever. It is usually in these 

 cases that we find the more marked involvement of the organs of 

 the thoracic cavity and especially of the lungs. 



In a general way, cases of hog-cholera can be divided into those 

 of the acute and chronic types. The acute cases are those which 

 attack the animal with very severe onset, pursue a very rapid course, 

 and produce a fatal outcome within the first few days. In this 



Fig. 45. — Bowel ulcers of hog-cholera. (Photo by Dr. Geo. R. White.) 



class of cases the lesions in the intestine, and especially the ileum, 

 are more likely to be of an acute congestive type, with numerous 

 pin-point or larger red spots in the mucous lining and even the 

 outer covering of the bowel, or there may be a severe generalized 

 inflammation of the bowels, with an angry red appearance of the 

 entire lining membrane of the intestine. 



There is another type of cholera which perhaps is the more 

 common, in which the onset is less severe, the symptoms develop 

 less rapidly, and the animal lingers for several daj^s or even weeks 

 before death takes place. In this type of cases we see an entirely 

 different appearance in the small bowel, and especially in the 

 lower portion of the bowel or ileum. 



The typical bowel lesion in these chronic cases is the button- 

 like ulcer which stands up above the surface of the inner lining of 

 the bowel as a dark-colored, wart-like elevation. When this crust 



