154 DISEASES OF SWINE 



ined are the cervical, submaxillary, inguinal, mesenteric, sublum- 

 bar, precrural, iliac, bronchial, mediastinal, presternal, and pre- 

 scapular. Of these, the most accessible and most important are the 

 cervical, submaxillary, inguinal, and mesenteric. 



(3) Stomach and Bowels. — In the stomach we find redness, and 

 not infrequently one or several typical cholera ulcers. Worms are 

 also commonly found, but are of no importance. 



In the intestine in acute cholera there may be absolutely 

 nothing found except a diffuse redness, such as we would expect to 

 find in any acute inflammation. The chronic cases are the ones in 

 which are found the marked ulcerations which are so commonly 

 associated with cholera in the mind of the general public. It must 

 not- be forgotten, however, that we may have typical cases of 

 cholera, and that it may be cholera of the very worst type without 

 any ulceration in the bowel whatever. 



When ulceration is present the most frequent location is the 

 lower portion of the ileum. Next in frequency is the ileocecal valve. 

 However, the large intestine is not free from tendency to become 

 the seat of ulcer formation, and may frequently prove to be more 

 involved than the small bowel. 



(4) The Spleen. — This organ is swollen, enlarged, darkened in 

 color, softened, and filled with blood. 



(5) The Liver. — The changes here are, commonly, enlargement, 

 swelUng, softening, and degeneration. 



(6) The Kidney. — In the kidney there is seen enlargement, 

 swelling, softening, degeneration, and the presence of the diagnostic 

 turkey-egg spotting, especially in the outer portion of the organ. 

 These lesions are the most constant of all the postmortem findings 

 of cholera, and are of exceedingly marked importance in the post- 

 mortem diagnosis of the disease. 



(7) The Bladder. — Here the characteristic findings consist of 

 overfilling and dilatation of the blood-vessels under the lining 

 membrane, and petechial hemorrhages which show up as pin-point- 

 like red spots on the inner lining of the bladder after it has been cut 

 into and turned inside out. 



(8) The Heart. — The changes in the heart are essentially hemor- 

 rhagic, and consist especially of prominent dark-red spots on the 

 auricular flaps, with perhaps discolored areas beneath the lining 



