SORE THROAT 585 



In the severe cases, where coughing and difficult breathing are 

 marked symptoms, the animals should be steamed, using turpen- 

 tine in about | of 1 per cent, solution. A shallow pan containing 

 boiling water to which turpentine has been added should be held 

 under the noses of the animals and allow them to inhale the steam. 



MALIGNANT CATARRH 



This is a form of inflammation of the nose which is produced 

 by a specific germ known as the Bacillus pyocyaneus, and which is 

 more severe than that just described. 



This form of the disease occurs particularly in pigs and is very 

 common in Germany. American veterinarians have made very 

 little mention of the disease. It is especially common in pigs 

 about three to six weeks old, and is not often seen in adult animals. 

 The disease may occur at any season of the year, but is more com- 

 mon in the winter and spring. It is a contagious disease, and often 

 spreads very rapidly through an entire herd. 



The attack starts with a dulness and loss of appetite. This is 

 followed by sneezing and the appearance of a blood-stained dis- 

 charge from the nasal cavities. This discharge, at first bloody, 

 later becomes of a yellowish, pus-like nature. The sick pigs become 

 quite dull and stupid, and usually die in the course of a few days. 



Treatment of this form of catarrh is very unsuccessful, and in 

 the majority of cases the animals affected die. At the commence- 

 ment of an outbreak the well animals should be separated from the 

 sick and the pens disinfected with chlorinated lime or a cresol solu- 

 tion. 



The only form of active treatment that has proved in the least 

 successful is the irrigation of the nostrils with a solution of bichlorid 

 of mercury. This is used in a solution containing about 4 gr. to the 

 ounce. One teaspoonful of this solution is used for irrigation of 

 each nostril. Inhalations of turpentine are also of value in reliev- 

 ing the condition. 



SORE THROAT (ACUTE LARYNGITIS, LARYNGOPHARYNGITIS) 



The larynx is the small box-like structure which forms the upper 

 end of the respiratory tube and connects the nasal passages with 

 the trachea and bronchial tubes. This structure is located in the 



