KIDNEY WORM 667 



water and food, and afterward again find their way into the 

 digestive apparatus of the animals with the food and drink. The 

 eggs quickly hatch in the stomach and small intestine, and the 

 worm attaches itself to the mucous membrane of the large intes- 

 tine and takes up residence there. 



Treatment. — Pin-worms seldom produce sufficiently severe 

 sjonptoms to demand treatment in hogs, except when they are 

 present in association with round-worms or the thorn-headed worm. 

 In any case the administration of the usual worm-destroying reme- 

 cHes will produce results. Calomel, areca, and santonin, admin- 

 istered in the manner directed under the treatment of the round- 

 worm, will usually accomplish their removal. 



LIVER-FLUKES 

 These are occasionally met with on the meat inspection floors 

 of this country in hogs, but this parasite is much more common 

 in cattle and sheep, where it often produces quite severe symp- 

 toms. In the hog the liver-fluke is of little importance in this 

 country. Clinical evidences of its presence are not marked, and it 

 is not worth while taking time or space to elaborate on its descrip- 

 tion. 



KIDNEY WORM (STEPHANURUS DENTATUM) 



This is a parasite which is much more commonly known to the 

 meat inspector in the large packing-houses than to the farmer and 

 stockman, although it is met with frequently enough in home- 

 butchered hogs to be somewhat famiUar even to the farmer and 

 local butcher. The kidney worm is much more common in the 

 hogs that come from the southern part of the United States than 

 in those raised in the corn belt and Northeastern States. 



This worm is not found in the intestines, as in the case of the 

 parasites that have just been described, but is located in the leaf- 

 lard fat surrounding the kidney and sometimes it buries in the 

 kidney itself. On account of this familiar location the worm de- 

 rives its name of kidney worm, or lard worm, by both of which 

 terms it is commonly designated. The worm burrows large cysts 

 and canals in the fat around the kidney, and in these cysts, when 

 cut into, there are found a male and female parasite, and frequently 

 also a number of eggs. Sometimes these cysts become filled with a 



