THE PELVIS. II 



The coccygeal bones are stronger and more tuberous : they are from 

 sixteen to twenty in number. 



The pelvis of the Cow is therefore more developed than that of the Mare, 

 and has more extensive bony walls. We shall see that it also differs in 

 its form and direction, and that this has a notable influence in the mech- 

 anism of parturition. 



Sheep a?id Goat 



In the Sheep and Goat, the bones of the pelvis greatly resemble those 

 of the Cow. The ischium, instead of being curved in a longitudinal 

 direction, however, is nearly rectilinear, and the external iliac fossa is 

 divided into two portions by a small longitudinal crest. * The pelvis, on 

 the whole, is more horizontal and longer. 



Bitch and Cat. 

 In the Bitch and Cat, the lateral diameter of 'the pelvis is greater be- 

 fore than behind ; the ilium is almost vertical, and its external face is 



Fig. 3. 



Pelvis of the Sheep. 



A, Ilium ; B, Pubis : C, Ischium ; D, Foramen Ovale ; E, Cotyloid Cavity. 



much depressed. The space which forms the pubic arch only occupies 

 the inner moiety of the posterior border of the ischium, which is very broad ; 

 between the arch and the ischial tuberosity is a roughened lip, which is 

 directed downwards. The sacrum is somewhat quadrangular and com- 

 posed of three bones, which are anchylosed at an early age, and the lateral 

 surfaces for articulation with the ilium are turned outwards and almost 

 vertical. There are only three vertebral foramina. The coccygeal bones 

 are strong and tuberous, and the first five or six are as perfect as the true 

 vertebral bones. 



Pig- 

 The pelvis of the Pig resembles that of the Sheep. The crest of the 

 ilium is convex, and there is no external protuberance on the symphysis 

 pubis. The /«^/j- is narrow; and the ischium, m?>\.&d.d of a crest, has a 

 tuberous prominence. The sacrum is formed by four vertebrae, which do 

 not become fully consolidated for a long time, and it is sometimes difficult 

 to discover where the sacrum ends and the coccyx begins. The spinous 

 processes are absent; and the neural arch being deficient on each side, 

 the spinal canal is open above. There is nothing particular to note in 

 the coccygeal bones. 



