DISEASES OF THE FCETUS. 381 



times longer than usual, especially at the sides. This often makes the 

 animal appear as if it wore a high fur cap (Fig. 81). 



Owing to the great development of the forehead the upper jaw appears 

 to be shorter than usual ; and, indeed, it will be found that it is really so 

 (Fig. 78). 



Fig. 80. 

 Skull of a Hydrocephalic Foal: the Cranial Roof is Deficient at the Sides. 



When the cranial cavity is opened, and the dura mater incised, there is 

 found a quantity — varying with the dimensions of the tumor — of limpid, 

 colorless, or slightly yellow or greenish serum. 



The quantity of fluid varies considerably, but it is generally from two 



Fig. 81. 

 Calf affected with Hydrocephalus: its Skull is represented in Figure 79. 



to four pints in the foal and calf. Rainard estimated the quantity of fluid 

 that had been contained in the skull of the Calf sent to him, at two and 

 a quarter litres — the largest quantity he had met with. Drouard, how- 

 ever, in 1842, published the details of a case of a foal whose cranium 

 held four and a-half litres (about eight imperial pints). 



Figure 80 represents a Foal's skull, now in the museum of the Lyons 

 Veterinary School, and which from its dimensions, Saint-Cyr calculates 

 to have contained eight litres (about thirteen pints). Kopp not long 

 since exhibited the head of a Foal before the Veterinary Society of Alsace, 



