MONSTROSITIES. 405 



to enclose the chest, they spring upwards towards the dorsal spines ; the 

 sternum is absent or divided throughout its length {Schistocormus Jissister- 

 nalis — Gurlt, Fig. 104), with evisceration of thoracic organs — most frequent- 

 ly the heart {Ectopia cordis, Fig. 89) ; the diaphragm is not present, the 

 chest is as widely open as the abdomen, and the viscera of both cavities 



Fig. 91. 

 Cyclopean Monstrosity; 



are external to the body {S. Schistepigastrico-sternalis), At other times 

 the spine is twisted, and the body and head divided {Schistosomus con- 

 tortus) ; or other deformities of a similar kind, and more or less complex, 

 may be found. The skin follows the displacement of the various regions 



Fig. 92. 

 Cyclopean Monstrosity ; Cyclops niegalostomus archynchus (Gurlt) : Ass. 



— the external surface being generally in contact — while the lining mem- 

 brane of the chest or abdomen, or both, becomes external ; sometimes to 

 such an extent is this inversion of the body carried, that it is turned, as 

 it were, outside in : the skin forming a kind of internal sac — the hair to 

 the interior — and containing the head and limbs of the foetus. With 

 such a deformity, of course other serious malformations or displacements 

 co-exist : distorted pelvis, wasted or undeveloped limbs, atresia of the 

 anus, more or less complete absence of the generative organs, etc. 



