MONSTROSITIES. 



407 



The Pseudencephalimi monstrosities belong to the third Order of Gurlt's 

 first Class, the encephalon being absent and replaced by a variable-sized 

 bright red tumor, composed of a multitude of small blood-vessels \ this 

 tumor rests on the base of the cranium, the roof of which is absent 

 (Fig. 90). 



The Anencephalian monstrosities — Gurlt's first Order, first Class — are 

 destitute of the encephalon or any thing to represent it, and the roof of 

 the cranium is entirely absent. 



The Cyclocephalia?i monstrosities (joyj^oz, circle, /.zodXr^, head) — Order 

 five, Class first of Gurlt — are characterized by the approximation, or more 

 or less complete fusion of the eyes into one organ, with absence, displace- 

 ment, or deformity of the nose and mouth ; but the ears are usually in 

 their natural position, or perhaps are lower than usual. Not unfrequently 

 the nose is absent and the mouth greatly enlarged, while the fusion of the 

 eyes may not be complete (Fig. 91, 92). 



The Acephalian monstrosities — Gurlt's first Class and first Order — are 

 more or less destitute of head, and sometimes of neck, thorax and tho- 

 racic organs (Fig. 93). 



Fig- 95. 

 Camylorrkacchis contorta. 



The Anidian, or zoomylian monstrosities, we have already described at 

 page 169 : so we need not again refer to them. 



The Schistocephalian monstrosities (Gurlt) have the head or face cleft : 

 most frequently the face, the division being sometimes limited to the nose 

 and upper lip. 



Those monstrosities which are characterized by the abnormal situation 

 and form of different parts — and which are included in Class first, Order 

 six, of Gurlt — are not exceedingly rare, and in some instances are proba- 

 bly due to muscular contraction, or mal-position for some time in the 

 uterus (Fig. 95). 



Saint-Hilaire divides the double monstrosities into two orders : Auto- 

 sitaric and Parasitic; the former being constituted by individuals more or 





