DYSTOKIA DEPENDING ON ANTERIOR PRESENTATION. 457 



reach it ; and though its relatively large size is a great obstacle to reduc- 

 tion, yet in the majority of instances this adjustment can be accom- 

 plished, and especially if the young creature is alive, as its spontaneous 

 movements aid the operation ; for this and other reasons already alluded 

 to, the calf is more frequently extracted alive than the foal. 



As a rule, reduction of the displacement is indispensable in delivery, 

 the head and neck, or -shoulder, forming too voluminous a mass to pass 

 through the pelvic canal. 



With the foal the head may also not go beyond the region of the 

 shoulder, and the case is then generally not so serious as with the calf, 

 the head being smaller and the displacement more easily reduced. But, 

 as has been pointed out, owing to the long and flexible neck of this crea- 

 ture, the head is most frequently deeper in the uterine cavity : towards 



Fig. 118. 

 Anterior PRESEN-TATio>f : Lateral DEVIATIO^J of the Head towards the Addomz: . 



the side of the chest, abdomen, flank, or even the croup. Here the hand 

 cannot reach it, and reduction is nearly always impossible ; besides, the 

 foetus succumbs soon after the commencement of the labor-pains : death 

 being due in many, if not in all, cases to premature separation of the 

 maternal and fcetal placenta. However, owing to the thinner and more 

 flexible neck, and the smaller head, when the latter was lodged in the 

 flank the foetus has been delivered by energetic traction. Mention is 

 made that both in the Mare and Cow delivery has been effected, though 

 the head has been bent back on the neck, side, or flank, without having 

 recourse to embryotomy, and in a great measure by the expulsive efforts 

 of the mother. 



Indications. 



The principal indication in this deviation is, of course, to get hold of 

 the head, adjust it, bring it into a favorable position in the genital canal. 



