5o8 OBSTETRIC OPERATIONS. 



tween them, runs through its narrower surface. The two ends of the 

 head-stall loop go through the parallel holes, the cord composing this 

 being nine or ten feet long and one-third of an inch thick, the loop itself 

 being intended to lie behind the ears of the foetus. One side of the loop 

 is fixed in the runner, by rings of waxed pack-thread above and below 

 the hole ; this waxed thread being also run up on the loop, to give it a 

 certain degree of rigidity. The other half of the cord is freely movable 

 in its hole in the runner, and a knot tied near its end allows it to be dis- 

 tinguished from the fixed half. Tho-nose-bafid (3, 3) is made of two strong 

 but soft strips of leather sewn one within the other, and doubled in 

 the middle to constitute a loop eight to ten inches long : the two portions 

 being made into a single cord (4) between three and four feet long, and 



Fig. 155. Fig. 156, 



Schaack's Forceps-Halter. Manner of Placing 



1, I. Head-stall ; 2, 2. Two Cords, its continuation ; Schaack's Halter. 



3, 3. Nose-band ; 4. Single Cord forming a con- 

 tinuation of the Loop constituting the Nose-band ; 

 5. Metal Runner, uniting the several parts of the 

 Halter. 



which passes through the single hole across the runner. The middle 

 part of the nose-loop has a kind of shield or button of thin leather, to 

 prevent the loop slipping through the hole. 



This was the apparatus first devised by Schaack, but recently he has 

 somewhat modified and simplified it, by dispensing with the nose-band 

 altogether, as he found that the nose of the foetus could be better guided 

 and held by the hand. Experience has proved that this simplification 

 allows the halter to be more easily applied. 



The manner in which the original halter was employed is described as 

 follows : — The head of the foetus being in front of the inlet and readily 

 accessible to the hand, the nose-loop is pulled through the runner until 

 stopped by the leather button ; while the head stall loop is made suffi- 

 ciently wide. The middle of the latter is placed at the end of the middle- 

 fingers, the movable part of the cord being between the middle and in- 



