6i8 ACCIDENTS INCIDENTAL TO PARTURITIOA 



a month, and did well ; inside the thighs was slightly excoriated for some months after- 

 wards, and the salts of the urine had become deposited on the hair and skin. The 

 urine trickled down these parts almost continuously. 



Nine months after the operation, the condition of the Mare was as follows : "The 

 thighs are a little excoriated, the vulva somewhat swollen,. the urine runs only at inter- 

 vals, but oftener than in a healthy state, and in a small quantity at a time. The Mare 

 assumes the natural attitude in order to micturate, and discharges about half a pint of 

 urine at each attempt. The hair below the vulva is thin and easily removed, on account 

 of the flow of urine over the part." 



4. Devaux [Ibid., p. 219) relates the case of a Mare which had eversion of the blad- 

 der fifteen days after abortion. When he attempted to examine it, the animal struggled 

 violently and threw itself down, and there ensued a violent distention and bruising of 

 the tumor ; so that in the course of a few minutes five or six pints of blood escaped 

 from it. Washing with pure vinegar checked the haemorrhage. The Mare being raised 

 and tranquillized, reduction was affected by causing the mass to be supported by an as- 

 sistant, and gently pressing on its sides with the fingers and hand ; it returned readily, 

 and the hand was kept pressing on it for neaily half an hour. The animal was tied up 

 during four days and completely recovered. 



5. Baudson [Annales de Med. Veterinaire de Bruxelles, 1877, p. 153) refers'tothe case 

 of a three-year- old Mare, which had inversion of the bladder for six weeks. Reposi- 

 tion had been effected by an empiric, but inversion recurred almost immediately. The 

 tumor presented the characteristic appearances, though it was greatly inflamed, owing 

 to the rough manipulation to which it had been subjected, as well as the exposure. 

 The animal was in much pain and strained violently. Reduction being deemed impos- 

 sible, an iron clam was fixed behind the ureters, and gradually tightened until the 

 eighteenth day, when the fundus and body of the organ came away. The remainder 

 was spontaneously retracted, and the Mare went to work. 



6. Decleene {Ibid., 1876, p. 147) furnishes an interesting case of retroversion or retro- 

 flexion of the bladder against the floor of the vagina, which was inverted by the dis- 

 placed organ. The amateurs who had tried to relieve the animal — a Cow which had just 

 calved — thought the mass was the thickened foetal envelopes of a second foetus ; com- 

 mencement of inversion of the uterus ; inversion of the bladder ; or hernia of the intes- 

 tine. The animal was lying when Decleene examined it, and it was breathing quickly, 

 as well as making violent expulsive efforts ; during which a round tumor, the size of a 

 man's head, appeared at the vulva, and diminished in size when the straining ceased. 

 The temperature of the tumor was low ; it was rather hard, and almost stony in consist- 

 ence during straining ; when there was not straining, fluctuation could be detected. The 

 surface was smooth and regular, except at its posterior part, where were some abrasions, 

 due to the owner's attempts to tear through it, from an idea that it was the " water bag " 

 of a second foetus. A vaginal exploration proved that the upper and lateral surfaces of 

 the tumor were directly continuous with the vaginal mucous membrane ; and that the os 

 uteri was partially dilated, but normal. Internally the hand could not advance far into 

 the vagina, as at the meatus urinarius the mucous membrane was reflected on itself at a 

 very acute angle. In order to pass the finger into the meatus it had to be bent, and 

 even then it could only be advanced a short distance, in consequence of the inflexion of 

 the neck of the bladder. 



Moderate pressure for more than five minutes was unavailing in replacing the organ, 

 in consequence of the continuous straining of the Cow. The animal was incited to get 

 up, and at the moment when its hind quarters were raised, the knees being bent, the 

 pressure forward and a little upward caused the bladder to suddenly resume its normal 

 position and relations. The animal quickly recovered. 



7. Neale [Veterinarian, vol. xi., p. 410) states that a Sow had inversion of the bladder 

 after bringing forth a litter of ten pigs. A butcher thought it was the uterus, and return- 

 ing it into the vagina, put stitches through the lips of the vulva to retain it. It again 

 protruded, however, and nothing more was done to it. It sloughed away, and the Sow 

 did not suffer much ; indeed, in six months after the accident, it was killed for bacon. 

 The bladder was found to have completely disappeared, and the ureters passed directly 

 from the kidneys to a mass about the size of a lemon, lying in the vulva — the remains 

 of the organ. 



8. Leech {Ibid., vol. xx., p. 425) attended an aged Cart Mare which had foaled a few 

 days previously, and was suffering from inversion of the bladder. On the supposition 

 that it was the uterus which protruded, the owner had tried to return it, and had passed 

 sutures through the labia of the vulva. On these being removed, it was ascertained 

 that the bladder, which filled the vagina, was extensively and severely inflamed ; urine 

 was ejected at intervals from the ureters. Attempts at reduction were made, but with- 

 out success. The organ was then ligatured behind the ureters, and the ligature tight- 

 ened every day. The animal received general depletive treatment. On the sixth day 



