678 PA THOL OG V OF PAR TURITION. 



Even when the tympanitis is not extreme, but the animal is comatose 

 and there is gastric regurgitation, it will be advisable to puncture the 

 rumen ; as by this means the entrance of food into the trachea may be 

 prevented, by allowing the gases to escape through the cannula, instead 

 of by the oesophagus. 



Enetnas are as essential as counter-irritation. The rectum should first 

 be emptied manually, and then either enemas of warm water, or those of 

 a stimulant or laxative nature, administered. By the rectum enemas of 

 linseed oil, common salt, sulphate of soda or magnesia, aloes, tobacco, 

 oil of turpentine, camphor, etc., have been administered. The rectum 

 forms a safe and convenient channel for the introduction of medicines, 

 and especially those intended to act upon the torpid digestive organs, 

 when the animal can no longer swallow. Powdered camphor in small 

 quantities has even been introduced into the rectum to stimulate the in- 

 testines, when drugs exhibited by the mouth have failed to effect this. 



Enemas may be given as frequently as necessary without danger to the 

 animal, and with ease : advantages not available with the mouth admin- 

 istration. , 



The urine should be frequently removed from the bladder, either by 

 pressure on the viscus through the rectum, the introduction of the cathe- 

 ter or no2zle of the ordinary injection syringe into the urethra, or even 

 by passing the finger into that canal. 



The milk should be often removed, and the udder completely emptied. 

 Even when there is no milk, the teats should be well and repeatedly 

 stripped. ^ 



Purgatives are in nearly every case necessary, and they should be ac- 

 tive, and given in larger doses, than in ordinary circumstances, constipa- 

 tion being a constant and serious symptom ; while action of the bowels 

 ■may be considered a most favorable sign. The most common are sul- 

 phate of magnesia or soda, aloes, chloride of sodium, cream of tartar, 

 linseed oil, castor oil, tartar emetic, ipecacuanha, croton oil, etc. 



In the great majority of instances these agents are not given alone, but 

 are associated with other substances. 



A very favorite compound in Germany is that mentioned by Kohne, 

 the composition of which is as follows : 



Nux vomica - - - - 8>^ drams. 



Tartar emetic - . - - 2 ounces. 



Sulphate of soda - - - 18 " 



Common salt - - - - 4^ " 



These are boiled together for about a quarter of an hour in four pints of 

 water, and one-fourth given every hour or every two hours. 



Harms places great confidence in tartar emetic. He gives 8^ drams 

 in about two pints of water, in four hours three drams in a pint of water, 

 and in five hours two drams. In one serious case he gave as much as 

 two ounces in fourteen hours. In thirty-seven cases of the disease, only 

 two died. 



When it is desired to increase the activity of any of the ordinary pur- 

 gatives, croton oil is generally added in the proportion of six to twelve — 

 or even forty — drops, or oil of turpentine one or two ounces. 



Some practitioners extol nux vomica in tolerably large doses, to aid in 

 rousing the action of the intestines. 



Stimula?its are often administered, and in conjunction with bleeding 



