698 J'A THOL OGY OF PAR TURITION. 



great volume — in the Cow often reaching as low as the hocks, or even 

 lower; the swelling is (Edematous, "pitting" deeply on pressure, but it 

 is hot, inflammatory, and very painful, and extends beyond the gland — 

 at times towards the vulva and umbilicus or sternum with the Mare and 

 Ewe. Beneath the cedematory tumefaction, the gland texture can be 

 felt hard, tense, and nodulated in places ; while the skin is red, stretched, 

 and shining, and extremely painful to the touch. This painfulness causes 

 an animal, at other times quiet and docile, to be irritable and fidgety, 

 and averse to have the part touched, either for examination or milking. 

 Progression, or even standing, is painful, the animal being evidently 

 afraid of the hind-limbs coming in contact with the gland ; so that it 

 either stands or walks with them wide apart, especially on the affected 

 side of the gland. The creature, for the same reason, seldom, if ever, 

 lies down ; when it does so, it is on the side on which the gland is least 

 affected. There is often much restlessness and anxiety, and the Mare 

 may show symptoms of colic. The secretion of milk suddenly ceases, 

 and pressure on the teat only causes a small quantity of reddish-colored 

 grumous fluid to flov/. 



All these symptoms may become aggravated in four, six, or eight days, 

 when the malady may terminate by resolution, suppuration, gangrene, or 

 induration, according to circumstances. 



Parenchymatous mammitis, or inflammation of the proper glandular and 

 connective-tissue structures of the udder, is not, as a rule, so acute in its 

 manifestations as the preceding, nor yet does it differ materially, so far 

 as the general symptoms are concerned. The appetite is diminished, but 

 not altogether suspended ; there is much thirst, and rumination is irregu- 

 lar ; the physiognomy betrays suffering, though not of a very acute kind ; 

 the pulse is full and quick, respiration short and hurried, and constipa- 

 tion is frequently present, while the urine is less abundant and dark ; 

 the temperature of the surface of the body is variable, and the muffle 

 hot and dry; there are rigors, and muscular twitchings or tremblings, 

 particularly towards the shoulders and flanks. The conjunctivae are in- 

 jected, the skin more sensitive than usual, and the Cow manifests pain 

 when the loins are pressed upon ; with the Mare the loins appear to be 

 stiff and sore. There also appears to be lameness of the hind-limb of 

 the affected side, due to the cause before-mentioned ; and when more 

 than one quarter is attacked, the Cow seldom lies down. 



The swelling of the gland is very hard and hot, but not oedematous, as 

 in the other forms, and the skin preserves somewhat of its natural hue, 

 and is not thickened ^ the subcutaneous veins are much distended over 

 the whole surface of the gland. The intense hardness of the inflamed 

 mass is very characteristic, and is noted throughout the whole mammas ; 

 though it is always greater on one side than another, and sometimes only 

 in one quarter — most frequently a posterior one in the Cow, both mammaa 

 in the Mare. When the inflammation is intense, and it has commenced 

 in a particular part of the gland, it generally spreads rapidly until the 

 whole quarter, frequently the entire mass of glands, is involved. 



From the commencement the secretion of milk is almost, if not quite 

 suspended in the diseased gland, and much diminished in the others : 

 mulsion only yielding a very small quantity of a red clotty fluid, mixed 

 with blood ; in very acute cases almost blood alone may escape. In 

 other cases the fluid is composed of transuded serum, and small pieces 

 of coagulated casein. In a short time this fluid becomes of a purulent 



