7 o4 PA THOL OG Y OF PAR TURITION. 



treatment, the skin covering the part and the hard gland, hitherto hot, 

 became cold, painless to the touch, and assumed a dark-blue, glazed 

 appearance. Then an oedematous swelling showed itself in front of the 

 udder, and which soon extended to the umbilicus and sternum, along the 

 side of the body, and down the thigh to the hocks. The development of 

 this oedema was a sure sign that gangrene had commenced in the mass 

 of the diseased gland, and the sanious fluid which could be drawn from 

 the now insensitive teat was a further proof of this condition. When 

 this change took place, the animal seemed to be much easier ; it looked 

 livelier, began to graze and eat, and even to ruminate. But the dark- 

 blue color of the udder, and the oedema extending therefrom, were un- 

 mistiakable signs of approaching death, which usually occurred in thirty-six 

 hours, when operations on the udder and scarification of the swelling did 

 not avail. 



This form of mammitis attacked young and old, good and bad, among 

 the Ewes, but more particularly those of the improved foreign breeds — 

 the Ewes that reared weakly lambs which could not sufficiently empty 

 the udder, and which were well fed. 



Kotelmann believed that this insufficient evacuation of the mammas, 

 mechanical injury to the teat, etc., was the cause. 



Prognosis. 



The prognosis of mammitis is generally unfavorable, unless the inflam- 

 mation is superficial and limited, not severe, and treatment is adopted 

 early. 



When the inflammation, and particularly in the Cow, attacks the whole 

 of the mammae, it is then most serious, and rarely indeed can a favor- 

 able result be prognosticated. When the inflammation is localized and 

 not likely to extend, and particularly w^hen the suppuration is superficial, 

 the results may be trifling — provided always that judicious treatment is 

 early adopted and energetically carried out. With cattle and sheep at 

 pasture, mammitis is often a most serious disease, from the fact that its 

 existence is generally not perceived in time to check it, and the causes 

 which produced it are perhaps still in operation. The permanent in- 

 duration or sloughing a way of one or more quarters of the mammae, are 

 always to be apprehended when the inflammation is interglandular or 

 interstitial, and especially when it is acute. Gangrene, and even death, 

 may result ; indeed, the gangrenous termination of mammitis is fatal in 

 nearly every case. 



Complications. 



With ruminants, the digestive organs are generally involved in the 

 disturbance and require attention. Inflammation of the joints (arthritis) 

 is a frequent complication of mammitis; any of the articulations may 

 become affected, but the patellar and tarsal appear to be the most pre- 

 disposed. Septic infection and pyaemia are grave complications, and 

 appear when gangrene or extensive suppuration is present. There are 

 also the degenerations and new formations in the mammae w^hich com- 

 plicate the malady when chronic, or subsequently. 



Pathological Anatomy. 

 In the majority of instances, the interlobular connective tissue is the 

 principal seat of the inflammation, particularly when the disease has 

 been neglected. The layers of this tissue enveloping the lobules and 



