180 EXPEULMEM' STATION. [Jan. 



This has been shown in various bulletins from clillcrent experi- 

 ment stations. The Baldwin seems especially inHuenced by con- 

 ditions of orchard culture, and other varieties more or less so. 



CV'rtain experiments at this station ' have shown inai-ked ef- 

 fects from the use of different fertilizers. This question has 

 been little investigated, but no doubt great variation in fruit 

 may be produced by the fertilizer used on the land. Differences 

 in pruning also have their effects. A tree kei)t with an <)i)en 

 top will admit an abundance of sunshine, resulting in a higher 

 colored fruit ; in many other ways the effect of pruning may be 

 shown in the character of the fruit. 



Many fruit growers have discovered, to their grief, that Bor- 

 deaux mixture has a decided effect on many varieties, by pro- 

 ducing russeting. On the other hand, the lime-sulphur prc])ara- 

 tion has frequently been found to render the appearance of the 

 fruit better than when not s^n-aycd at all. 



Soil Val-iatiox. 



It has been shown that the nature of the soil has great effect 

 on the character of the fruit. Red apples are likely to be higher 

 colored on sandy soils than on clayey soils, xsot enough is 

 known regarding this question to make any very definite gen- 

 eralizations on the subject. H. J. AVilder has determined the 

 soil adaptations of various varieties, and shown that different 

 varieties have decided preferences as to soils. ^ The (piestion of 

 the ada])tation of varieties to soils is much comidicated l)y the 

 question of stocks already alluded to. Xo doubt varieties have 

 soil preferences which are general to the variety, and not seri- 

 ously mo(lifi(Ml by differences in stock, l^evertheless, the writer 

 is satisfied that much greater uniformity would be found in 

 the adaptation of varieties to soils were they groAvn on their 

 own roots. 



Cm:\rATic' Vaktattox. 



Tn a broad way, the limits of a])])le growing are governed by 

 climatic conditions. The a])ple is a fruit of a tem])erate cli- 

 mate, and does not flourish in the far north nor in the warmer 



' Report, Massachusetts Experiment Station, 22, Part II., p. 10. 

 ■ Proceedings American Pomological Society, 31, p. 13S (1909). 



