204 EXPERIMENT STATIOxN. [Jan. 



It is seen that the upper south quarter of the tree yielded the 

 flattest apples each year, and usually by a considerable margin, 

 while the most elongated fruit comes from the lower portion of 

 the tree, and, in two of the years under consideration, on the 

 north side. On the whole the figures for the different parts of 

 the ti-ee support the theory already presented that the elongation 

 is due to relatively cold weather, and gives support to the idea 

 that the heat of the sun has much to do with the tem])erature 

 of the tree itself ;:iid ])i-obably the (Icvclopment of the fi'uit. 



In the Baldwins the relative i-ank is as follows for both years: 

 n])p('r soutii. n])])er north, lower south, lower north. 



Ox SifE. 



The size of an a]iple is deteruiiucd l)y several factors. Each 

 variety has its iudividuality in this respect. C^dturc is impor- 

 tant, an abundance of nitrogenous fertilizers and an abundiint 

 supi)ly of moisture being favorable to the attainment of large 

 size. An excessively heavy crop prevents the development of 

 full size of the individuals, 1)ut a light crop does not seem 

 favorable to any larger fruit than a moderate one. Young trees 

 usually bear larger fruit than mature ones, while in very old 

 trees the fruit is comuionly iuferior in size. The differences 

 due to age are pr()bal)ly in considerable degree at least due to 

 the influences already nienti(med. 



Aside from these influences the summer temperature seems 

 to have considerable influence. Some evidence on this point 

 was presented in an earlier paper.^ Table 4 (page 203) gives 

 further data on this point. 



The mean summer temperatures at Amherst were as follows: 

 1908, .58.8°; 1009, .50.7°; 1910, .58.9°. 



The size of the a]i])les is in a general way in accordance with 

 these temperatures. 



Tu 1910 the apples were unich larger than in 1908. while the 

 teni]»ei'atin-e was practically the same. This may be due to 

 lucreased amounts of fei-tili/er which have been a]iplied. The 

 orchard was lined in the spring of 1909, and this may have had 



» Report Massacluisotts Experiment Station, 22, pp. 204, 2n (1900). 



