68 EXPERDIENT STATION. [Jan. 



general inaj be summarized as follows: if scale is present, spray 

 in the fall with some reliable oil. In the early s^jring spray 

 again with lime and sulfur, before the leaves appear. About 

 the time the petals fall, spray again with arsenate of lead, for 

 codling moth. Ordinarily this spraying is sufficient, but if any 

 fungous troubles appear, a later spraying with Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, or with dilute or self-boiled lime sulfur, would be valuable. 

 These various treatments are reconnnended for both fungi and 

 insects, and although the oil, and lime and sulfur treatment are 

 especially applicable for scale, it has been found that the latter, 

 particularly, has proved to be the most effective fungicide we 

 have. Even one application of lime and sulfur in the spring 

 has a remarkable effect as a fungicide throughout the whole sea- 

 son, and in our opinion it is more efficient than any number of 

 sprayings with Bordeaux mixture for certain troubles common 

 to fruit trees. Arsenate of lead is primarily for codling moth, 

 but this, too, has fungicidal properties, according to the writer's 

 observations. We believe that for orchards which are well 

 pruned, cultivated and fertilized the three sprayings recom- 

 mended above would be sufficient for any ordinary year, and in 

 case the scale is not present, the oil treatment could be left out. 

 The lime and sulfur, however, is worth applying every year, 

 whether the scale is present or not, owing to its remarkable 

 fungicidal properties. There are now on the market many kinds 

 of oils and concentrated forms of lime and sulfur which can be 

 used to advantage. It is a question, however, whether the con- 

 centrated forms are as effective as the home-made. Much atten- 

 tion is now being given to the self-boiled lime and sulfur, but it 

 is somewhat too early to state definitely its value as a fungicide. 

 The apple industry is now booming in this State. Many 

 young orchards are being set out ; more attention is being given 

 to pruning, spraying and cultivating, and within a few years 

 there will be numy more good orchards than at ]iresent. 



