58 EXPERIMENT STATION. [Jan. 



iised by the Gypsy Moth Commission. But there are many 

 others, of botli high and low power, which are thrown together 

 in an altogether haphazard fashion. A machine which is to 

 develop and maintain 250 pounds pressure with a 1-inch hose 

 and 1.8 and 3.1G inch nozzle should be provided with an engine 

 which will develop 5 or G horse power at the ksast. A machine 

 of this type would be suitable for small towns where it is 

 necessary to spray only 500 or 1,000 trees each year, or it 

 would be suitable for large orchardists. When the spraying 

 to be done is extensive, ho\yever, the larger machines, at least 

 10 or 15 horse power, are the more economical in the end, 

 even if the first cost is greater, since some allowance should be 

 made for deterioration and loss of power in any machine. 



It is a question whether we are using the best methods in 

 some of our spraying work. A 5 or 6 horse power jiressure 

 machine can be depended upon to handle a stream of from 

 40 to 60 feet high, and this is sufficient if a ladder is used; 

 but if it is necessary to throw the spray 100 feet, or to the 

 tops of the trees, larger machines must be used. 



At the present time less attention is being given to nozzles 

 than to machines, and in our opinion there is ample room for 

 improvement on the nozzles in use to-day. The various mist- 

 spray nozzles are good for short distances, and those in use at 

 the present time are an improvement over the old spray nozzles. 

 But we need wide-angled spray nozzles that will give a spray 

 of uniform density which will throw a relatively fine mist at 

 least 20 or 30 feet. To obtain such a spray high pressure is 

 one of the necessities, and a new type of nozzle another. By 

 the use of nozzles adapted to high-pressure machines which 

 can be adjusted to different distances we are of the opinion that 

 the spraying of orchards can be done as effectively and more 

 cheaply than at present. Instead of employing 70 pounds 

 pressure and forcing the spray through l/o-inch hose provided 

 with a mist nozzle with a limited carrying capacity, we shall 

 come to the use of high pressure and larger hose provided with 

 nozzles of great carrying capacity. In our opinion spraying- 

 will be developed along these lines in the future, since the 

 process will be rendered cheaj)er and j)ractically as effective 



