1912.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 79 



or wrong methods of applying it; or it may possibly have 

 occurred from lack of rain needed to dilute or wash ont the 

 fertilizer; at any rate, the plants were yellow and sickly and 

 the tissues were abnormally gorged with nitrates. 



The epidemic of rust which has prevailed generally over the 

 country during the past few years and which has affected plants 

 usually immune in this region was not so severe this- year. 

 However, beans were affected to some extent, as were quinces 

 and Vinca. The apple, ash and some other species were prac- 

 tically free from the trouble. 



Some apple troubles have been somewhat common, while 

 others have been less common than usual. The Baldwin fruit 

 spot, which has been with us for so many years, and which 

 has never been associated with pathogenic organisms, has ap- 

 parently been superseded by a similar but more prominent and 

 disastrous spot termed the " fruit spot." This has been very 

 common not oidy on Baldwins but on Greenings and other 

 varieties. The latter is characterized by much more conspicu- 

 oua spots than the former, and a fungus termed Cylindro- 

 sporium is usually found associated with it. In one of the best 

 orchards in the State we were able to find only two or three 

 apples on a tree affected with this spot. In some other cases, 

 however, it was much more common. On the whole, this trouble 

 has proved r(ither serious this year, and as it appears to be con- 

 trolled by spraying it may become necessary to resort to this 

 in order to control it. Both spots seem to be associated with 

 drought. 



Many cases of sun scald were observed on apple trees during 

 the year, both large and small trees being affected. ]\Iuch of 

 the scalding noticed was on the trunk near the ground. In 

 some orchards which have been severely pruned, and the trees 

 ploughed aromid and fertilized, more or less sun scalding oc- 

 curred. This was noticed on unusually vigorous young shoots 

 which are characteristic of trees handled in this way, and was 

 due to the nonripening of the wood. 



Potatoes were affected by the drought and to some extent 

 by early blight. The severe fall rains caused attacks from 

 late blight, and in some cases potato stem rot was reported. 



