manure ; and to obtain this in sufficient quantities, is the great difficulty in adopting a 

 course of rotation that will yield profitable returns and improve the soil. We cannot 

 recommend farmers to purchase guano to apply to wheat ; for though it greatly increases 

 the crop, yet from its high price and the low price of wheat, it is not a profitable invest- 

 ment. It might pay to apply it to mangel wurzel, ruta baga, carrots, &c. ; which being 

 consumed on the farm by stock, would furnish much valuable manure. 



Growing large crops of clover is another great means of obtaining manure, and substi- 

 tutes the summer fjxllow. If the land is clean, there is no doubt that a much larger crop 

 of wheat can be obtained by letting the clover grow till in full bloom, plowing it under, 

 and cultivating once or twice before sowing, than if it had been plowed early in the 

 spring, and summer fallowed in the best possible manner. And even if the first crop of 

 clover is cut early for hay or green fodder, and the second growth plowed in immediately 

 before sowing, a better crop of wheat is obtained than by summer fallowing. But 

 where, instead of a summer fallow, land is sown to barley or oats, even though it is 

 perfectly clean, the following wheat crop, except well manured, can not be expected to 

 be so good as after clover or summer fallow, for the reason that barley, oats, corn, and 

 timothy, exhaust the soil of the elements the wheat crop specially requires ; whereas 

 clover supplies them both in root and stem. Yet we have known a better crop of wheat 

 obtained after a crop of barley, than after a pseudo summer fallow ; or where land was 

 plowed about midsummer and allov/ed to lie in that state a couple of months, when it 

 would be plowed agam and sown ; whereas the laud for barley would be plowed early, 

 and be well dragged and rolled, and would turn up in the fall in a much better condi- 

 tion than if it had been summer fallowed in the above style. 



If land gets very weedy, and must be summer fallowed, let it be done well and effect- 

 ually. Plow it in the fall, and let it lie exposed to the mellowing influence of frost ; for 

 such is the necessity for hurry in getting in spring crops, that it can rarely be plowed 

 early enough in the spring to make a good summer fallow. On heavy soils, which are 

 generally fallowed for wheat, a clod-crusher something similar to CroslcUVs Patent 

 Clod-Crusher as given in the September number of the Farmer, would be an implement 

 of great use ; and we are surprised some of our enterprising agricultural implement 

 makers have not yet supplied us with one. We know of no other implement that will 

 so readily and economically pulverize stiff soils. 



PEAS. 



Last season was unusually well adapted for the growth of peas ; and wherever sown in 

 this neighborhood, if well put in, good crops were obtained. All farmers who have been 

 in the habit of growing peas, agree in recommending them as a crop that but slightly 

 impoverishes the soil, and at the same time, if a good large crop is obtained, of 

 being highly remunerative, and the land is left cleaner and in a better state for the fol- 

 lowing wheat crop than though it had been summer fallowed. We have seen several 

 instances in whicli part of a field was sown to peas and the other part summer fallowed 

 well, in which the wheat was a much bettercrop afier the peas than after the summer 

 fallow. But a large crop, one that will smother the weeds, is necessary to obtain this result. 

 In England they sow the large Gray Pea, very similar to the Scotch Gray Pea. found 

 in the seed stores, that is too strong for culinary purposes, but highly nutritious, and 

 much used for feeding hogs, horses, and sheep. It is grown very extensively, and on 

 wheat farms displaces the summer fallow. They are always sown in drills about a foot 

 apart, and hand-hoed once or twice, to clean the land. Thirty bushels to the acre is 

 - j^ about the average yield. Peas are usually sown broadcast here ; but Ave think if thev 



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