THE BIRTH-RATE 141 



distinction ; h6nce it is fair to assume that these figures 

 are representative of the clergy as a whole. 



Taking marriages of men who have served in the 

 regular army and have attained to the rank of captain 

 at least, we find for the first period that 40 marriages 

 produced 107 sons and 92 daughters, a total of 199 

 children, giving an average of 4.98, the same as that 

 obtained for clerical families, and probably equivalent to 

 the 6 actually born given by a study of the Peerage. 

 For the second period, 100 marriages resulted in 103 

 sons and 104 daughters, a total of 207 children, giving 

 an average of 2.07. After such figures as these, there 

 is little cause for wonder that the Army finds difficulty 

 in keeping up its establishment of officers. 



It has been possible also to include in our present 

 survey that group of men of specialized ability who are 

 to be found occupying the permanent posts in the Uni- 

 versity of Cambridge. The professors, tutors, deans, 

 bursars, and such-like men in the University and Colleges 

 are selected for what may be termed their academic dis- 

 tinction, almost more than for their power as teachers, 

 and are drawn from all sections of the community. As a 

 class they possess intellectual ability of much more than 

 the average amount. In 1909 there were 67 men 

 apparently in a position to maintain a family who 

 remained unmarried ; there were 40 childless couples, 

 who had been married for periods of five years or 

 longer, while 70 married couples, whose youngest child 

 was over ten years of age, had produced 199 children. 

 This gives a total of 287 adults to 199 children, a 

 decrease in one generation of about a third ; and, in 

 accordance with the usual estimate, only about half 



