Morphology 37 



Some of the spirilla are long and slender ; others, like the 

 spirillum of cholera, are' so short as to be easily mistaken 

 for slightly bent bacilli. 



Since the studies of Schaudinn* and others upon the 

 trypanosoma, great care must be exercised in the study 

 of the spiral organisms, lest sexual or developmental stages 

 of higher animal organisms be mistaken for spirilla or 

 spirochaeta. 



THE HIGHER BACTERIA. 



The Higher Bacteria are characterized by filamentous 

 forms with real or apparent branchings. The filaments are 

 usually regularly divided transversely, so as to appear as 

 if composed of bacilli. The free ends only seem to be en- 

 dowed with reproductive functions, and develop peculiar 

 bodies known as conidia. These organisms resemble the 

 oidia and molds in many particulars. 



It is the specialization of certain elements for purposes of 

 vegetation, reproduction, etc., that differentiates the higher 

 from the other bacteria whose cells are all free and equally 

 independent. 



* " Mitt, aus dem Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte." 



