ioo Immunity 



Ehrlich and Morgenroth* studied the hemolytic action 

 of the serum of goats that had been frequently injected with 

 the defibrinated blood of sheep and goats, and were able to 

 point out the mechanism of the corpuscle solution or hemo- 

 lysis. It was found to depend upon two associated factors, 

 one of which, the lysin or solvent, was present in normal 

 blood, and was called "addiment" or "complement," and 

 another present only in the serum of the reactive animals, 

 called the "immune body" or "intermediate body." 

 The former was labile and easily destroyed by heat, the 

 latter stabile and not affected by heat up to the point of 

 coagulation. The experiments were confirmed by von 

 Dungern and many others. It is to be observed in passing 

 that this reaction differs from the direct solution of the cor- 

 puscles in -vitro by cobralysin, which was studied by Myers, f 

 and tetanolysin, studied by Madsen,J in that it is inter- 

 mediate, and only brought about by the cooperation of two 

 factors, while the action of the lysins of venom, the tetanus 

 bacillus, the streptococcus, Bacillus pyocyaneus, and other 

 micro-organisms, is direct and immediate. 



Myers found, however, that the hemolytic substance of 

 venom, and Madsen that the hemolytic products of Bacillus 

 tetani, also produce reactions in animals, and that when suc- 

 cessful immunization against them was accomplished, the 

 serums of the experiment animals became antidotal or in- 

 hibiting to the action of the respective lysins. 



Von Dungern found that by injecting dissociated epithe- 

 lial cells from the trachea of oxen into the peritoneal cavity 

 of guinea-pigs, it was possible to produce epitheliolysins ; 

 Lindemann, || that emulsions of kidney substance injected 

 into animals caused them to form nephro-lysins or nephro- 

 toxins ; Landsteiner** and MetschnikofTft in the same manner 

 successfully prepared spermotoxin by injecting the sperma- 

 tozoa of one animal into the peritoneal cavity of another. 

 Metalnikoff $ % found that if he introduced the spermatozoa of 



* " Berliner klin. Wochenscrift," 1899. 



t " Trans. Path. Soc. of London," LI. 



t " Zeitschr. f. Hyg.," 1899, xxxm, p. 239. 



" Miinchener med. Wochenschrift," 1899. 



|| "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1900. 

 ** " Centralbl. f. Bakt.," etc., 1899, xxv. 

 ft" Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1899. 

 JJ "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1900. 



