The Agglutinins 127 



to be taken up by the phagocytes. Ehrlich finds in the 

 agglutinins nothing more than receptors of what he denomi- 

 nates the II order, each of which possesses a zymophore and 

 an agglutinophore group. (See Nothnagel's "Specielle 

 Pathologic und Therapie," vm, 1901.) 



Malvoz* found that the addition of chemical substances, 

 such as safranin, vesuvin, and corrosive sublimate, to cul- 

 tures of the typhoid bacilli would cause their agglutination. 

 Typhoid bacilli retained on the Chamberland filter and 

 washed for a long time, could no longer be agglutinated, and 

 were found to have lost their flagella and to be without mo- 

 tion, and led Dineur,| who made additional experiments, to 

 conclude that agglutination depended upon the flagella. 

 MalvozJ found that bacteria were sometimes agglutinated 

 by their own metabolic products. He prepared a fresh 

 culture of the first vaccine of the anthrax bacillus by thor- 

 oughly distributing it through c.c. of distilled water, and 

 then added a loopful of a six-day-old culture. After stand- 

 ing for a few hours typical agglutinations were observed 

 under the microscope. 



H. C. Ernst and Robey think that flagella have nothing 

 to do with the flagella, which subsequent experiment has 

 shown to be correct, as many non-flagellated bacteria can 

 be agglutinated by their respective serums. 



Boil, || Joos,** Eisenberg and Vollff have shown that all 

 of the agglutinins possess haptophore and agglutinophore 

 groups, either of which may be destroyed without the other. 

 Thus typhoid agglutinative serum when exposed to a tem- 

 perature of 65 C. loses the agglutinophores, and no longer 

 clumps the bacteria, though it retains the haptophores, and 

 when brought into contact with the bacteria combines with 

 them, producing no agglutination, but preventing the action 

 of any other agglutinogenic serum. 



Buxton and Vaughan J J find that bacteria differ both in 

 their agglutinogenic powers and their agglutinability, both 

 of which must be taken into account in studying the subject. 



Theobald Smith has shown that there are two kinds of 



* "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1897, No. 6. 



t "Bull, de 1'Acad. de Med. de Belgique," 1898, iv, p. 705. 



j "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," Aug. 25, 1899. 



"Trans. Cong. Amer. Phys. and Surg.," 1900, p. 26. 



|| "Archiv f. Hyg.," 1902, XLII, Heft 4. 

 "Zeit. f. Hyg.," xxxvi, 1901, p. 422. 

 tt " Zeitschr. f. Hyg.," XL, 1902, p. 155. 

 II "Jour. Med. Research," July, 1904. 

 "Jour. Med. Research," 1904, vol. x, p. 89. 



