3/o Glanders 



No other organism is known to produce the same appear- 

 ance. 



Milk. In litmus milk the glanders bacillus produces acid. 

 A firm coagulum forms and subsequently separates from 

 the clear reddish whey. 



Metabolic Products. Mallein. Babes,* Bonome,f 

 Pearson,! and others have prepared a substance, mallein, 

 from cultures of the glanders bacillus, and have employed 

 it for diagnostic purposes. It seems to be useful in veter- 

 inary medicine, the reaction following its injection into 

 glandered animals being similar to that caused by the in- 

 jection of tuberculin into tuberculous animals. The 

 preparation of mallein is simple. Cultures of the glanders 

 bacillus are grown in glycerin bouillon for several weeks, 

 and killed by heat. The culture is then filtered through 

 porcelain, to remove the dead bacteria, and evaporated 

 to one-tenth of its volume. It has also been prepared 

 from potato cultures, which are said to yield a stronger 

 product. The agent is employed exactly like tuberculin, 

 the temperature being taken before and after its hypodermic 

 injection. A febrile reaction of more than 1.5 C. is said to 

 be pathognomonic of the disease. 



Pathogenesis. That the bacillus is the cause of glanders 

 there is no room to doubt, as Lofifler and Schutz have suc- 

 ceeded, by the inoculation of horses and asses, in producing 

 the well-known disease. 



The goat, cat, hog, field-mouse, wood-mouse, marmot, 

 rabbit, guinea-pig, and hedgehog all appear to be susceptible. 

 Cattle, house-mice, white mice, and rats are immune. 



Lesions. When stained in sections of tissue the bacilli 

 are found in small inflammatory areas. These nodules can 

 be seen with the naked eye scattered through the liver, 

 kidney, and spleen of animals dead of experimental glanders. 

 They consist principally of leukocytes, but also contain 

 numerous epithelioid cells. As is the case with tubercles, 

 the centers of the nodules are prone to necrotic changes, but 

 the cells show marked karyorrhexis, and the tendency is more 

 toward colliquation than caseation. The typical ulcera- 

 tions depend upon retrogressive changes occurring upon 



* " Archiv de Med. exp. et d'Anat. patholog.," 1892, No. 4. 



f " Deutsche med. Wochenschrift," 1894, Nos. 36 and 38, pp. 703, 

 725, and 744. 



f'Jour, of Comp. Med. and Vet. Archiv.," Phila., xn, 1891, pp. 

 411-415. 



