PINE BRANCH TWIST 



237 



uredospores during the summer, and consequently fall off 

 before the normal time. The flat, compact, crustlike 

 patches of teleutospores develop on the fallen, dead leaves, 

 and germinate the following spring. 



Fig. 60. Melampsora pinitorqua. i, top of a young pine attacked by 

 the aecidium stage; 2, two chains of aecidiospores, X4oo; 3, aspen leaf 

 with pustules of teleutospores ; 4, section through a pustule of teleutospores 

 still covered by the epidermis of the leaf, x 400. 



Hartig, Bot. Centralb., xxiii. p. 362 (1885). 



Hartig and Somerville, Diseases of Trees, p. 166, figs. 



Prillieux, Malad. des Plantes Agric., vol. i. p. 286, figs. 



