TABLE OF CONTENTS. Xvii 



PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MOTOR APPARATUS. 



PAGE 



Structure and Arrangement of the Muscles, 542 



Physical and Chemical Properties of Muscular Tissue, 547 



Metabolism in Muscle. The Source of Muscular Energy, 549 



Muscular Rigidity (Cadaveric Rigidity, Rigor Mortis) 552 



Irritability, Stimulation, and Death of the Muscle, 555 



Change of Shape in Active Muscle 558 



The Time-relations of Muscular Contraction. Myography. Simple Con- 

 traction. Tetanus. Isotony. Isometry, 560 



Rapidity of Propagation of Muscular Contraction 568 



Muscular Work, _ 569 



The Elasticity of Passive and Active Muscle. Myotonometry, 572 



Heat-production in Active Muscle, 576 



The Muscle-murmur, 578 



Fatigue of Muscle, 579 



Mechanism of the Bones and Their Attachments, 581 



Arrangement and Function of the Muscles in the Body, 583 



Gymnastic Exercises and Therapeutic Gymnastics. Pathological Varia- 

 tions in the Motor Functions 587 



SPECIAL MOVEMENTS. 



Standing, 589 



Sitting, _ 592 



Walking, Running, Jumping, 592 



Comparative Study of Motion, 596 



VOICE AND SPEECH. 



Scope of the Voice. Preliminary Physical Considerations Concerning the 



Production of Sound in Reed-apparatus 599 



Arrangement of the Larynx 600 



Examination of the Larynx 606 



Conditions Influencing the Sounds of the Vocal Apparatus, 609 



Range of the Voice, 6 10 



Speech. The Vowels, 6 1 1 



The Consonants, 615 



Pathological Variation in Voice and Speech,. . . 617 



Comparative. Historical, 618 



GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND 

 ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY. 



General Conception of the Nervous System. Structure and Arrangement 



of the Elements of the Nervous System, , 621 



Cheniistry of Nervous Tissue. Mechanical Properties of Nerves, 626 



Metabolism in Nerves, 628 



Irritability of Nerves. Stimuli 629 



Diminished Irritability; Death of the Nerve. Nerve-degeneration and 



Nerve-regeneration, 633 



ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY. 



Preliminary Physical Considerations. The Galvanic Current. Electro- 

 motors. Conduction-resistance. Ohm's Law. Conduction through 



Animal Tissues. The Rheocord, : 638 



The Action of the Galvanic Current upon the Magnetic Needle. The Multi- 



plicator, . 6 4 J 



Electrolysis. Transition-resistance. Galvanic Polarization. 



Batteries and Unpolarizable Electrodes. Internal Polarization of 

 Moist Conductors. Cataphoric Action of the Galvanic Current. Sec- 

 ondary Resistance, ; 643 



Induction. The Extra Current. Magnetization of Iron by the Galvanic 

 Current. Voltaic Induction. Unipolar Induction-effects. Magneto- 

 induction, 645 



