TABLE OF CONTENTS. xiii 



The Velocity of the Current in the Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins, ...... 1*7*5 



Estimation of the Capacity of the Ventricles from the Current-velocity by 



the Method of Carl Vierordt, ................................. ... I7 6 



The Duration of the Circulation,. ... I77 



The Work of the Heart, ......................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.}'.'.'.-. 178 



The Movement of the Blood in the Smallest Vessels, ..................... 178 



The Migration of the Blood-corpuscles from the Vessels; Stasis; Diapedesis, 180 



The Movement of the Blood in the Veins, ....................... 182 



Sounds and Murmurs in the Arteries, .................................. 183 



Acoustic Phenomena within the Veins, ................................. 184 



The Venous Pulse. The Phlebogram, ................................. 185 



The Distribution of the Blood, ....................... !88 



Plethysmography, .................................................. X 8 9 



Transfusion of Blood, ................................................ X Q O 



The Ductless Glands. Internal Secretions, ............................. 193 



Comparative ............ ............................................ jgS 



Historical .......................................................... X 



PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION. 



Objects and Subdivisions, ............................................ 201 



Structure of the Air-passages and the Lungs, ........................... 201 



Mechanism of the Respiratory Movements. Abdominal Pressure, ......... 204 



Respiratory Volumes, ............................................... 205 



The Rate of Respiration, ............................................ 207 



The Time Relations of Respiratory Movements. Pneumatography ........ 207 



Types of Respiratory Movements, ..................................... 210 



Pathological Variations in the Respiratory Movements, .................. 210 



Summary of the Muscular Mechanism Concerned in Inspiration and Ex- 



piration, ...................................................... 2 12 



Action of the Individual Respiratory Muscles, .......................... 213 



Dimensions and Expansibility of the Thorax, ........................... 217 



Respiratory Excursion of the Lungs, ................................... 218 



Variations from the Normal Percutory Conditions in the Thorax, ......... 220 



The Normal Respiratory Sounds, ..................................... 221 



Pathological Respiratory Sounds, ..................................... 222 



Pressure in the Air-Passages during Respiration, ........................ 223 



Mouth-breathing and Nasal-breathing, ................................. 224 



Modified Respiratory Acts, ........................................... 225 



Chemistry of Respiration, .................................. 226 



Quantitative Estimation of the Carbon Dioxid, the Oxygen, and the Aqueous 



Vapor in Gaseous Mixtures, ...................................... 226 



Methods of Investigation, ............................................ 227 



Composition and Properties of Atmospheric Air, ........................ 229 



Composition of Expired Air, .......................................... 231 



Extent of the Daily Interchange of Gases, .................. ... 232 



Factors Influencing the Extent of the Respiratory Exchange of Gases, . . 232 



Diffusion of Gases within the Respiratory Organs ....................... 237 



Interchange of Gases between the Blood in the Pulmonary Capillaries and 



the Air in the Alveoli, ............................. ... 238 



The Respiratory Gaseous Exchange as a Dissociation Process.. . 240 



Cutaneous Respiration, .............................. 241 



Internal Respiration or Tissue-respiration, ............................. 241 



Respiration in a Closed Space, or with Artificial Changes in the Amounts 



of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxid in the Respired Air, ...... 244 



Respiration of Foreign Gases, .............. 245 



Other Injurious Substances in the Inspired Air ................. 245 



Renewal of the Air in Living-rooms (Ventilation). Examination of tin- Air, 246 

 Normal Secretion of Mucus in the Air-passages. The Expectoration 



(Sputum) , ............................................ 249 



Effects of Atmospheric Pressure, ...................................... 251 



Comparative. Historical, ......................................... 254 



