Vlll FOREWORD. 



tory center, together with the means for resuscitating asphyxiated 

 persons, and the group of angioneuroses, have received especial con- 

 sideration. Particular importance has been attached to the physio- 

 logical topography of the surface of the cerebrum in man with reference 

 to modern investigation into the localization of the functions of the 

 brain. The same principle has been followed also with relation to 

 the physiology of the organs of special sense. Evidence of this will 

 be found in the discussions of abnormalities of ocular refraction, the use 

 of spectacles, ophthalmoscopy, the orthoscope, color-blindness and its 

 practical significance, further investigations into the functions of the 

 other special senses and their principal disorders. The embryological 

 section has given especial consideration to the subject of developmental 

 defects, and to malformations as the most important of these; and also 

 to the means for determining the period of development reached by 

 human embryos. 



In description it was the aim of the author to be as concise and 

 comprehensive as possible. Elaborate discussions have been scrupu- 

 lously avoided. At the same time the typography has been so arranged 

 that the more important and purely physiological matters are presented 

 in conspicuous type. Also, the beginner can without disadvantage pass 

 over the pathologic-physiological sections; the student during the 

 period of clinical instruction will, however, with advantage review the 

 field of normal physiology from the latter. 



The author has, further, considered it advisable to add to each 

 physiological section a brief outline of the historical development of 

 the subject in hand, and likewise a summary of the comparative physi- 

 ology of the animal kingdom. Finally, the histology and microscopic 

 anatomy have been more fully considered in each section than is the 

 case with most textbooks of physiology. 



On the basis of the plan thus outlined the appearance of the fore- 

 lying work is I believe justified. That this plan has not been fallacious 

 is indicated by the numerous discussions in the medical journals of 

 North and South Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Russia, 

 France, England, Italy, Scandinavia, America, which have received 

 the book with favor, and recognition. The author, however, is par- 

 ticularly gratified that the book has been received with approval by 

 physiologists. In order to dispel any anxiety on the part of those who 

 perhaps may fear that the scientific eminence of our science, of funda- 

 mental importance in the entire domain of medicine, may suffer from 

 the attempted association of physiology with the practical department 

 of medicine, I shall quote a few words from a letter written by one of 

 our most illustrious and most versatile physiologists: 



"Should anyone publish a handbook like that of yours, of which 

 the first half is before me, he will be entitled to the thanks not only of 

 the students, but also of the teacher and investigator. And as it is 

 my ambition to combine in myself the three qualities indicated, my 

 thanks are tendered you with all my heart. Your pathological descrip- 

 tions are in their condensed brevity so masterfully clear that I promise 

 myself from your book a most beneficial action and reaction upon the 

 field of clinical medicine." .... 



If these words have been realized I should find in this fact a perfect 

 reward for my endeavors. It has always appeared to me in my academic 

 activity as a teacher that my principal aim must lie in the thorough 



