456 SUMMARY OF THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ORGANISM. 



weight sets in, in consequence of the retrogressive nutritive processes of age, and 

 this may reach about 6 kilos up to the eightieth year. The detailed figures are 

 given in the following table : 



In the first three days the newborn child loses from 170 to 222 grams in weight. 

 Nourished with mother's milk, the child doubles its weight in the first five months 

 and trebles it in the first year. The weight of a five-year-old child is double that 

 of a child one year old, and that of a twelve-year-old child double that of a child 

 five years old. Between the twelfth and the fifteenth year, the weight and the 

 size of girls are greater than those of boys, on account of the earlier advent of 

 puberty in girls. Growth is most rapid in the last months of fetal life; then from 

 between the sixth and the ninth year to between the thirteenth and the sixteenth 

 year. At about the thirtieth year the length of the body is complete, while the 

 weight is not. 



Normally developed individuals weigh as many kilos as their length measures 

 in centimeters after subtraction of the first meter. As compared with the growth 

 of the entire body, the individual parts exhibit wide variations. The brain grows 

 least, namely, only to the third year, and from this time on scarcely at all. Also 

 the liver and the intestines grow little, while the heart, the spleen and the kidneys 

 grow only in slightly lesser measure than the entire body. Fat, and particularly 

 muscles, grow more than the entire body. 



SUMMARY OF THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 



THE ORGANISM. 

 INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS. 



OF 



Water constitutes 58.5 per cent, of the entire body and is present in the 

 different tissues in widely varying amounts. The tissues of the kidneys contain 

 the largest amount of water, namely 82.7 per cent., while the bones contain 22 



Eer cent., the teeth 10 per cent, and the enamel at least 0.2 per cent. Schonbein 

 Dund some hydrogen dioxid in the urine. 



Gases: Oxygen, ozone, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxid, methane, am- 

 monia, hydrogen sulphid. 



Salts: Sodium chlorid, potassium chlorid, calcium chlorid, ammonium 

 chlorid, calcium fluorid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, 

 sodium phosphate, alkaline disodium phosphate, acid monosodium phosphate, 

 neutral potassium phosphate, acid potassium phosphate, tribasic calcium phos- 

 phate, acid calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, neutral sodium sulphate, 

 potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate. 



Free acids: Hydrochloric acid (and sulphuric acid in the saliva of some 

 snails, for example dolium galea). 



Silicon (as silicic acid), manganese, iron in the blood (and combined with 

 a proteid as ferratin, which aids in blood-formation), iodin (in the thyroiodin of 

 the thyroid gland, diminished in the presence of goiter, increased after administra- 

 tion of iodid) , copper ( ?) . 



