PmT 



Cocc Osp 



FIG. 959. Salamandra atra. The skull. A, from above; B, from below. In both the 

 investing bones are removed on the right side of the figure. Af, antorbital process ; As, 

 alisphenoid region ; Bp, basal plate ; Can. nasal cavity ; Ch, posterior nares ; Ci, process 

 of internasal plate ; Cocc. occipital condyles ; F. frontal ; Fl, olfactory foramen ; Fov. 

 fenestra ovalis ; IN. internasal plate ; Lgt. ligament connecting stapes with suspensorium ; 

 M . maxilla ; N. nasal ; JVa. nasal aperture : NK, olfactory capsule ; OB, auditory capsule ; 

 os,sphenethmoid(orbitosphenoid) ; Osp. supra-occipital region ; P, parietal ; Pa, ascending 

 process of suspensorium ; ped. pedicle : Pf. prefrontal ; Pmx. premaxilla ; Pot. otic 

 process of suspensorium ; Pp. palatine process of maxilla ; Ps. parasphenoid ; PL ptery- 

 goid bones ; Ptc. pterygoid cartilage ; Rt, foramen for ophthalmic branch of trigeminal ; 

 Qu. quadrate ; Squ. paraquadrate (squamosal) ; St. stapes ; Vo. vomer ; Vop. vomern- 

 palatine ; Z, process of internasal plate ; //, optic foramen ; V, trigeminal foramen ; VII 

 facia! foramen. (From Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy.) 



Prf 



Ca 



FIG. 960. Skull of Ichthyophis glutinosa, x 3. A, Lateral ; B, Ventral ; C, Dorsa Mew. 

 A, posterior process of the os articulare ; Ca. carotid foramen ; Ch. choana or posterior nasal 

 opening ; F. frontal : J. jugal ; LO. exoccipital ; MX. maxilla ; N. nasal ; No. nostril ; 

 O. orbit ; P. parietal ; Pa. palatine ; Pm. premaxilla ; Pof. postfrontal ; Prf. prefrontal ; 

 Pi. pterygoid ; Q. quadrate ; S. paraquadrate (squamosal) ; St. stapes ; T. tentacular groove ; 

 Vo. vomer ; X. exit of vagus nerve. (After Sarasin.) 



