526 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



the cannon bone) has in apposition with it laterally a pair of splint- 

 like vestiges which represent the metacarpals or metatarsals of 

 the second and fourth digits. In the Artiodactyla, on the other 

 hand, the third and fourth digits form a symmetrical pair. In 

 the Ruminant Artiodactyles (Fig. 1174) the metacarpals or meta- 

 tarsals of these digits unite to form a single elongated bone, the 

 cannon bone. 



The pelvis of most Ungulata is greatly elongated. The ilia are 

 wide transversely ; the symphysis is very long, involving a part of 



FIG. 1171. Bones of 

 the manus. of Tapir 

 (Tapir us indicus). c. 

 cuneiform ; /. lunar ; 

 m. magnum ; p. pisi- 

 form ; R. radius ; s. 

 scaphoid ; td. trape- 

 zoid ; tm. trapezium ; 

 U. ulna; w.unciform. 

 (After Flower.) 



FIG. 1172. Bones of 

 the manus of Horse 

 (Equus caballus). c. 

 cuneiform ; /. lunar ; 

 TO. magnum ; p. pisi- 

 form ; R. radius ; *. 

 scaphoid ; td. trape- 

 zoid ; u. imciform ; 

 //, IV, vestigial 

 second and fourth 

 metacarpals. (After 

 Flower.) 



FIG. 1173. Bones of 

 manus of Pig (Sus 

 scrofa). c. cunei- 

 form ; 1. lunar ; m. 

 magnum ; R, ra- 

 dius ; s. scaphoid ; 

 td. trapezoid ; U. 

 ulna ; u. unciform. 

 (After Flower.) 



FIG. 1174. Bones 

 of manus of Red 

 Deer (Cervus 

 elaphus). m z . n<, 5 . 

 vestigial second 

 and fifth meta- 

 carpals ; R. ra- 

 dius. (After 

 Flower.) 



the ischia as well as the pubes. In the Perissodactyla, but not 

 in the Artiodactyla, there is a well-marked third trochanter. 



In some Ungulates (Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, Pigs, Hippopotami) 

 the fibula is distinct though slender. In the Horse it is represented 

 by a vestige. In the Ruminants it is represented only by a small 

 vestige, the malleolar bone, which articulates with the distal end 

 of the tibia. 



The structure of the foot exhibits a close parallelism to that 

 of the manus. The tarsal bones are closely dovetailed together, 

 and articulate with one another by flat surfaces. The hallux is 



