540 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



Lemurs, the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and Man. A pisiform is present, 

 and in most a radial sesamoid. As compared with that of the 

 other Primates, the carpus of Man is short and broad ; the tra- 

 pezium has a saddle-shaped articular surface turned somewhat 

 inwards. In Man, the Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and Orang the 

 carpus articulates exclusively with the radius ; in all the others 

 it articulates also with the ulna. In Man the pollex has a remark- 

 able and characteristic freedom of movement in opposition to the 

 other digits. 



The human pelvis is remarkable for its relative breadth, for the 

 expanded form of the ilia and the deep concavity of their inner 

 surfaces, and for the shortness of the pubic symphysis. In the 

 higher Apes some of these features are recognisable, though less 



Ora.ng 



FIG. 1192. Foot of Man, Gorilla, and Orang of the same absolute length, to show the 

 difference in proportions. The line a'a' indicates the boundary between tarsus and meta- 

 tarsus ; b'b', that between the latter and the proximal phalanges ; and c'c' bounds the ends 

 of the distal phalanges ; as. astragalus; ca. calcaneum ; sc. scaphoid. (After Huxley.) 



pronounced ; but in the lower the ilia are long and narrow, and 

 usually curved outwards ; in the Old-world Monkeys the tub erosi ties 

 of the ischia are strongly everted and roughened for the attachment 

 of the ischial callosities. 



The tibia and fibula are well developed and distinct in all. In 

 nearly all the hallux, owing to the form and direction of the articu- 

 lation between it and the internal cuneiform, is opposable to the 

 other digits, converting the foot into a grasping organ. The 

 human foot (Fig. 1192) is distinguished from that of the other 



