204 PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 



latent in the urethra, and cause a relapse if the patient 

 partake of some substance, as alcohol, irritating to the 

 mucous membranes. Bearing this in mind, patients 

 should not too soon be discharged as cured. 



The gonococci are not easily killed, but withstand dry- 

 ing very well. Kratter was able to demonstrate their 

 presence upon washed clothing six months after the orig- 

 inal soiling, and also found that they still stained well. 



Bumm found cocci similar to the gonococcus in the 

 urethra, and points out that neither the shape nor the 

 position in the cells is positively characteristic, but that, 

 in addition, there must be refusal to stain by Gram's 

 method before we can say with certainty that cocci found 

 in urethral pus are gonococci. 



All of the urethral inflammations do not depend upon 

 the gonococcus, and in true gonorrhea all of the inflam- 

 matory symptoms do not depend upon the gonococcus, as 

 the epithelial denudation following the disease permits 

 the entrance of the common pus cocci of the urethra into 

 the peri-urethral tissues. The peri-urethral abscesses and 

 salpingitis, etc., not infrequently depend upon the ordi- 

 nary pus cocci, and I have seen a case of gonorrhea with 

 double orchitis and general septic infection, with endo- 

 carditis, in which the gonococci had no role in the sep- 

 sis, which was caused by a large dumbbell-coccus that 

 stained beautifully by Gram's method. 



MUMPS, OR EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS. 



This epidemic, infectious disease of childhood, charac- 

 terized by enlargement of the parotid and submaxillary 

 glands, and rarely of the testicles, ovaries, and mammae, 

 has not been proved to have a specific micro-organism. 



Pasteur thought the disease due to bacilli which he 

 found in the blood. Capitan and Charrin 1 and Olivier 

 found in the blood, urine, and saliva both cocci and ba- 

 cilli, but their studies are too early, and hence too crude 

 to be of any value. 



1 Cotnptes Kendu Soc. de Bioc. de Paris, May 28, 1881. 



