314 PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 



The presence of flagella upon the cholera spirillum 

 can be demonstrated without difficulty by Loffler's 

 method (q. z/.). Each spirillum possesses a single flagel- 

 lum attached to one end. 



Inoculation-forms of most bizarre appearance are very 

 common in old cultures of the spirillum, and very often 







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FlG. 8l. Spirillum of Asiatic cholera, from a bouillon culture three weeks old, 

 showing numbers of long spirals; x 1000 (Frankel and Pfeiffer). 



there can be found in fresh cultures many individuals 

 which show by granular protoplasm and irregular outline 

 that they are partly degenerated. Cholera spirilla from 

 various sources seem to differ in this particular, some 

 of the forms being as pronounced in their involution 

 as the diphtheria bacilli. 



In partially degenerated cultures in which long spirals 

 are numerous Hiippe observed, by examination in the 

 " hanging drop," in the continuity of the elongate mem- 

 bers, certain large spherical bodies which he described as 

 spores. These bodies were not enclosed in the organisms 

 like the spores of anthrax, but seemed to exemplify the 

 form of sporulation in which an entire individual trans- 

 forms itself into a spore (arthrospore). Koch, and indeed 

 all other observers, failed to find signs of fructification in 



