326 PA THOGENIC BA CTERIA . 



times smaller, and the number of cases 19.27 times 

 smaller than among the not inoculated." 



Pawlowsky and others have found that the dog is sus- 

 ceptible to cholera, and have utilized the observation to 

 prepare an antitoxic serum in considerable quantities. 

 The dogs were first immunized with attenuated cultures, 

 then with more and more virulent cultures, until a serum 

 was obtained whose value was estimated at i : 130,000 

 upon experimental animals. 



Freymuth and others have endeavored to secure favor- 

 able results from the injection of blood-serum from con- 

 valescent patients into the diseased. One recovery out 

 of three cases treated is recorded not a very glittering 

 result. 



In all these preliminaries the foreshadowing of a future 

 therapeusis must be evident, but as yet nothing really 

 satisfactory has been achieved. 



SPIRILLA RESEMBLING THE CHOLERA SPIRILLUM. 



The Finkler and Prior Spirillum. Somewhat similar 

 to the spirillum of cholera, and in some respects closely 

 related to it, is the spirillum obtained from the feces of 

 a case of cholera nostras by Finkler and Prior in 1884. 

 It is a rather shorter, stouter organism, with a more pro- 

 nounced curve, than the cholera spirillum, and rarely 

 forms the long spirals which characterize the latter. 

 The central portion is also somewhat thinner than the 

 ends, which are a little pointed and give the organism 

 a less uniform appearance than that of cholera (Fig. 84). 

 Involution-forms are very common in cultures, and occur 

 as spheres, spindles, clubs, etc. Like the cholera spiril- 

 lum, each organism is provided with a single flagellum 

 situated at its end, and is actively motile. Although at 

 first thought to be a variety of the cholera germ, marked 

 differences of growth were soon observed, and showed 

 the organism to be a separate species. 



The growth upon gelatin plates is quite rapid, and leads 

 to such extensive liquefaction that four or five dilutions 



