THE LYMPH-GLANDS. 427 



with water. Filtrate and washings are filtered, rendered feebly 

 alkaline with ammonia, concentrated to about 300 c.c., and while 

 still hot treated with 3 volumes of alcohol. The resulting precipi- 

 tate is filtered off, dissolved in 150 c.c. of water, and filtered while 

 hot. On cooling, the solution is again precipitated with 3 volumes 

 of alcohol. This process is repeated once more, when the guanylic 

 acid is obtained in pure form. 1000 grammes of pancreas yield 

 about 3 grammes of the acid. 



The ferments of the pancreatic juice have already been, considered. 

 In addition we find various autolytic ferments, and, as I have 

 pointed out, the pancreas (possibly the cells composing the areas of 

 Langerhans) also furnishes a body, which may belong to the group 

 of kinases, and which activates certain glucolytic ferments of the 

 liver and the muscle-tissue. 



The Lymph-glands. 



The lymph-glands comprise the lymph-glands proper, the thy- 

 mus gland, and the spleen. Their fibrous network consists essen- 

 tially of reticulin, but also contains fibres of collagen and elastin. 

 The cellular elements have been studied especially in the case of the 

 thymus. They contain small amounts of albumins, lecithins, fats, 

 cholesterins, traces of glycogen, succinic acid, and, according to 

 Kossel and Lilienfeld, large amounts of so-called nudeohiston. 

 Lilienfeld's nucleohiston, according to the researches of Huiskamp, 

 Malengreau and Bang is, however, no unity, but a mixture of two 

 nucleoproteids, viz., nucleohiston and a nucleoproteid which con- 

 tains no histon group. The nucleohiston further is a double com- 

 pound of a nucleinate of histon and a paranucleinate of histon 

 6 parts of what Bang terms normal acid-histon (the normal acid 

 being an adenin-guanylic acid) and 3 parts of adenylic parahiston. 

 The difference in Bang's concept of the nucleohiston, as compared 

 with that of Kossel and Lilienfeld, is shown below : 



Nucleohiston (Kossel) Nucleohiston (Bang) 



Histon Leuconuclein Histon nucleinate Histon paranucleinate 



Albumin Nucleinic acid 



In the thymus the histon (viz., parahiston) nucleinate represents 20 

 per cent, of the total weight, as compared with 7 per cent, of the 

 second nucleoproteid. In the lymph-glands the same amount of 

 nucleoproteid approximately is present, but only 5 per cent, of the 

 nucleinate of histon. In the spleen still less is found, and the bone- 

 marrow probably contains none. 



In the spleen uric acid has also been met with, and as in the 

 liver iron-albuminates occur, which may be isolated as there de- 

 scribed. In addition small amounts of inosit, jecorin, and cerebro- 



