432 THE GLANDULAR ORGANS. 



with the calcium compound of caseinogen, is alkaline to lacmoid and 

 acid to phenolphthalein. The relative values of the acid and basic 

 components in cows 7 milk and human milk are given below in terms 

 of decinormal sodium hydrate and sulphuric acid solution. The figures 

 have reference to 100 c.c. of milk and are average values (Courant) : 



T VNaOH T 1 oH 2 S04 Ratio. 



Human milk 10.8 c.c. 3.6 c c. 3:1 



Cows' milk 41.0 c.c. 19.5 c.c. 2:1 



Human milk is thus relatively more alkaline than cows' milk, but 

 is absolutely both less alkaline and less acid. 



Mares 7 milk is alkaline and that of the carnivorous animals acid. 



Chemical Composition. A general idea of the chemical composi- 

 tion of the milk of different animals and of woman may be formed 

 from the following analyses, which are taken from Konig, Gorup- 

 Besanez, Hoppe-Seyler, and others : 



Human. Cow. 



Water 872.40-892.90 842.8-860.0 



Solids 108.00-127.60 140.0-157.2 



Albumins (total) 16.13- 36.91 33.0- 43.2 



Albumin (proper) 3.50- 9.91 1.2- 2.8 



Casein 12.80- 27.00 30.2- 42.0 



Fats 25.60- 43.20 40.0- 64.7 



Lactose 53.90- 60.90 43.4- 50.0 



Salts 1.650- 4.200 6.3- 7.1 



A survey of this table thus shows that human milk contains a 

 smaller amount of albumins and fats but more lactose than cows' 

 milk. 



In addition to the above components the milk contains traces of 

 urea, kreatin, kreatinin, hypoxanthin, cholesterin, animal gum, and, 

 curiously enough, citric acid, which is present as a calcium salt to 

 the extent of from 0.18 to 0.25 per cent. Besides these, we find a 

 small amount of lecithins and a yellow lipochrome. 



Goat. Sheep. Mare. Ass. Dog. Cat. 



Water 869.1 835.0 900.6 900.0 754.4 816.3 



Solids 130.9 165.0 99.4 100.0 245.6 183.7 



Albumins . . 36.9 57.4 18.9 21.0 99.1 90.8 



Fats .... 40.9 61.4 10.9 13.0 95.7 33.3 



Lactose . . . 44.5 39.6 66.5 63.0 31.9 49.1 



Salts .... 8.6 6.6 3.1 3.0 7.3 5.8 



Analysis of the inorganic components of human milk has given 

 the following results (Bunge) : the figures of the first column were 

 obtained at a time when but little sodium chloride was ingested, 

 while those of the second column were gotten while the woman 

 ingested 30 grammes a day (the total ash is calculated as 1000 parts 



by weight) : 



i. ii. 



Potassium (K 2 O) 0.780 0.703 



Sodium (Na.,0) 0.232 0.257 



Calcium (CaO) 0.328 0.343 



Magnesium (MgO) 0.064 0.065 



Iron (Fe 2 3 ) - 004 - 006 



Phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ) - 473 - 469 



Chlorine (Cl) 0.438 0.445 



