584 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



others by springing movements effected by a special springing 

 apparatus on the abdomen. Some have elongated, many-jointed 



filaments or cerci at the extremity of the 



abdomen. Development is direct. 



This order includes the Spring-tails 



(Podura, Fig. 468), and Silver-fish (Lepisma, 



Fig. 467). 



ORDER 2. ORTHOPTERA. 



Insects in which there are two pairs of 

 wings, of which, in most cases, the anterior 

 pair are hard and tough, and the posterior 

 pair delicate and transparent. The parts 

 of the mouth are masticatory The pro- 

 thorax is not united with the other seg- 

 ments of the thorax. Development is direct, 

 or there is a gradual and incomplete 

 metamorphosis. 



This order includes Earwigs, Cockroaches, Stick- and Leaf- 

 insects, Grasshoppers and Locusts (Fig. 469). 



FIG. 468. Podura. (After 

 Guerin and Percheron.) 



FIG. 469.- Loeusta. (From Cuvier's Fio.470. Ephemera (May-fly) and 



Animal Kingdom.) larva. (After Guerin and Percheron.) 



.ORDER 3. NEUROPTERA. 



Insects with two pairs of netted membranous wings. The parts 

 of the mouth are adapted for biting. The prothorax is free from 



