PROTEIDS OF PLASMA. 161 
mixing blood or serum with Btarch 01 glycogen solution, and keeping it 
mi body temperature. Rohmann has shown that the diastatic change may 
occur in lymph within the vessels as well as /// vitro. Cavazzani 
obtained most effect in blood taken from the portal vein. 3 Tscherevkoff 
finds that the diastatic ferment is precipitated by excess of alcohol, and 
that its action is not destroyed by long standing under alcohol, nor by 
sodium oxalate. 2 
Glycolytic art in, i.— \\ was noticed by Bernard-'' that the sugar of 
blood diminished on standing in vitro. Pavy found that both the normal 
sugar and added sugar diminishes in blood on standing. 4 In an;, 
and without standing, it is difficult to recover the full amount from 
blood or serum, apparently owing to the fact that, in coagulating the 
proteids with a view to their removal, a part of the sugar is mechanically 
carried down or retained by them; 5 this fact may lead to very con- 
siderable experimental errors. 6 Allowing, however, for such errors, it 
appears clear that there is some actual loss of sugar on standing both 
in blood 7 and in lymph or chyle. 8 According to Seegen, the glycolytic 
action is active in the presence of chloroform, and is destroyed by a 
temperature of more than 54 c C, in these respects resembling an enzyme. 
Li'pine states that it is absent or diminished in activity in diabetes, 9 
whether the result of disease or operation (removal of pancreas), and 
that a very active glycolysis occurs in perfusing blood through various 
organs (kidney, lower limbs). 10 Arthus, on the other hand, denies the 
pre-existence of a glycolytic ferment in Mood. He finds no glycolysis 
in oxalated blood, and thinks it probable that the ferment is formed 
from leucocytes during coagulation. 11 Kraus finds that the glycolysis 
which occurs in blood on standing is accompanied by a splitting off of 
C0 2 , and is probably due therefore to oxidation. 12 
Proteids of plasma. — The proteids of plasma are — 
1. One or more closely allied albumins (serum albumins). 
2. Two globulins, termed respectively serum globulin and fibrinogen. 
3. A nucleo-proteid or nucleo-proteids. 
Blood contains normally neither albumose nor peptones. 13 All the 
proteids are completely precipitated by saturating plasma with ammo- 
1 Arch, per le sc 'med., Torino, 1893, vol. xvii. p. 105. 
2 Arch, de physiol. norm, etpatli., Paris, 1895, p. 628. 
3 Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc, Paris, 1876, p. 1406. 
4 Proc. Pay. Soc. London, 1 "77. vol. xxvi. p. 346 ; and 1879, vol. xxvii. p. 520. See 
also "Physiol, of Carbohydrates, " pp. 171-179. 
5 Rohmann, Centralbl. f. Physiol., Liepzig u. AVien, 1890, Xo. 1 ; V. Harley, Journ. 
Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1891, vol. xii. p. 391 ; Pavy. Brit. Med. Journ., London, 
1896, vol. i. p. 453. 
6 Schenck, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1890, Bd. xlvi. S. 607 ; 1891, Bd. xlvii. 
S. 621. For a method whereby such errors may be largely avoided see E. "Waymouth 
Reid, Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1896, vol. xx. p. 316. 
7 Rohmann, loc. cit. ; Harley, lot: cit. ; Seegen, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1892, Nos. 14 
and 15. 
8 Lupine, Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc, Paris, 1890, tome ex. p. 742; Lepine and Barral, 
ibid., 1890, tome ex. p. 134; ibid., 1891, tome cxii. pp. 411, 604, 1185, 1414; and 
tome cxiii. p. 118. 
9 Lepine and Metroz. ibid., 1S93, tome cxvii. p. 154. 
10 Lepine and Barral, loc. cit. 
11 Arch, de physiol. norm, et path., Paris, 1892, p. 337 ; Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc, 
Paris, 1892, tome cxiv. p. 605. 
] - Ztschr. f. klin. Med., Berlin, 1S92, Bd. xxi. S. 315. See also Rohmann and Spitzer, 
Per. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., Berlin, Bd. xxviii. ; and Spitzer, Arch. f. d. yes. Physiol., 
Bonn, 1S95, Bd. lx. 
13 Halliburton and Colls, Journ. Path, and Bacterial. , Edin. and London. 1895, p. 295. 
VOL. I. — II 
