l62 
THE BLOOD. 
nium sulphate. The globulins and nueleo-proteids are completely pre- 
cipitated by half-saturation with ammonium sulphate, or by complete 
saturation with magnesium sulphate; whilst fibrinogen is precipitated 
by half-saturating plasma with chloride of sodium (probably some nucleo- 
proteid is carried down with it). Upon these differences of solubility in 
solutions of neutral salts the separation of the blood-proteids one from 
another depends. 
The proportion of globulin to albumin %- — i s known as the " proteid 
quotient " ; it varies in different animals and in the same species of animal 
under different conditions. 1 For the same individual it is almost constant in 
the blood serum, lymph, and serous transudations, although the absolute 
amount of proteid in these may vary greatly. 2 
The annexed table 3 shows the total and relative amounts of the proteids 
in the serum of different animals. The numbers are taken from different 
sources ; the first four from Hammarsten. 4 
They are obtained — (a) the total proteids, by weighing the alcohol 
precipitate ; (b) the globulin, by separating off the magnesium sulphate 
precipitate, re-dissolving this and weighing its alcohol precipitate : (c) the 
albumins, by taking the difference between these two results, (b) includes, 
besides serum globulin, a globulin formed from fibrinogen in coagulation, and 
also the nueleo-proteids of plasma, but both of these are in very small amount. 
(a) Total Proteids 
per Cent. 
(6) Globulins 
per Cent. 
(c) Albumins 
per Cent. 
Man . 
Horse 
Ox . 
Rabbit 
Pigeon 
Hen . 
Tortoise 
Lizard 
Terrapin 
Snake 
Frog . 
Toad. 
Newt 
Eel . 
Dog-fish 
7-62 
7"25 
7-50 
6-22 
5-01 
4-14 
4-76 
5-16 
5-35 
5*32 
2-54 
3 22 
3-74 
6-73 
1-62 
3-10 
4-56 
4-17 
1-79 
1-32 
2-90 
2-82 
3-33 
4-66 
4-95 
2-18 
1-82 
3-31 
5-28 
1-17 
4-52 
2.69 
3-33 
4-43 
3-69 
1-24 
1-94 
1-83 
0-69 
0-37 
0-36 
1-40 
0-43 
1-45 
0-45 
The most noteworthy feature shown in these figures is the relatively 
small amount of albumins present in the serum of cold-blooded animals 
as compared with the globulins. It has been stated that the albumins 
proportionately diminish in starved animals, 5 but other investigators 
have failed to confirm this conclusion. 6 
1 Compare Frassineto, Arch. ital. de biol., Turin, 1895, vol. xxiv. p. 4.~>7 ; Paulesco, 
Arch, de physiol. norm, ct path., Paris, 1897, p. 21 ; W. Engel, Arch. f. Hyg., Miinchen 
u. Leipzig (4), Bd. xxviii. S. 334. 
2 Salvioli, Arch. f. Physiol., Leipzig, 1881, S. 269 ; Hoffmann, Arch. f. taper. Path. u. 
Pharmacol., Leipzig, 1882, Bd. xvi. S. 133. 
3 Halliburton, Jov.rn. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1878, vol. vii. p. 321. 
4 Arch./, d. yes. Physiol, Bonn, 1878, Bd. xvii. S. 413. 
5 Tiegel. ibid.. 18S0, Bd. xxiii. S. 278 ; Burckhardt, Arch./, exper. Path. u. Pharraakol., 
Leipzig, 1883, Bd. xvi. S. 322. 
6 Salvioli, Arch. f. Physiol., Leipzig, 1SS1, S. 269 : Howell, John Hoiriins Univ. 
Stud. biol. lab., Baltimore, vol. iii. p. 49 ; Rubbrecht, Trav. du lab. de L. Fredericq 
tome v. p. 121. 
