igo THE COMPLETE ANGLER. [PART i. 



is a piece of reed about an inch long, or longer, and as big 

 about as the compass of a twopence. These worms being kept 

 three or four days in a woollen bag, with sand at the bottom of 

 it, and the bag wet once a day,will in three or four days turn to 

 be yellow ; and these be a choice bait for the Chub or Chavender, 

 or indeed for any great fish, for it is a large bait. 



There is also a lesser cadis-worm, called a Cock-spur,* being 

 in fashion like the spur of a cock, sharp at one end ; and the 

 case, or house, in which this dwells, is made of small husks, and 

 gravel, and slime, most curiously made of these, even so as to be 

 wondered at, but not to be made by man, no more than a king- 

 fisher's nest can 5 which is made of little fishes' bones,f and have 

 such a geometrical interweaving and connection as the like is not 

 to be done by the art of man. This kind of cadis is a choice 

 bait for any float-fish ; it is much less than the piper-cadis, and 

 to be so ordered : and these may be so preserved, ten. fifteen, or 

 twenty days, or it may be longer. 



There is also another cadis, called by some a Straw-worm, and 

 by some a Ruff-coat,! whose house, or case, is made of little pieces 

 of bents, and rushes, and straws, and water-weeds, and I know 

 not what ; which are so knit together with condensed slime, that 

 they stick about her husk or case, not unlike the bristles of a hedge- 

 hog. These three cadises are commonly taken in the beginning 

 of summer ; and are good, indeed, to take any kind of fish, with 

 float or otherwise. I might tell you of many more, which as they 

 do early, so those have their time also of turning to be flies in 

 later summer ; but I might lose myself, and tire you, by such a 

 discourse : I shall therefore but remember you, that to know these, 

 and their several kinds, and to what flies every particular cadis 

 turns, and then how to use them, first, as they be cadis, and after 

 as they be flies, is an art, and an art that every one that professes 



VARIATION.] s no more than the nest of a bird is. ist and zd edit. 



ring upon beds of limestone or large pebbles, and is common in the Northern and 

 Western streams. It advances to an Aurelia towards May, and is then usually termed 

 by Sportsmen the Stone-fly ; but in Wales it is called the Water-cricket. B. 



* Bowlker expressly says, in his "Art of Angling," p. 70, that the Cock-spur produces 

 the May-fly or Yellow Cadew." B. 



t Dr Shaw tells us that the Kingfishers deposit their eggs in cavities formed in the 

 banks of rivers : the hole or nest, he adds, if it ma}' be properly so named, being often 

 deeply lined at the bottom by a stratum of small fish bones and scales. Getur. Zool. 

 vol. yiii. parti, p. 53. Pennant thinks these the fragments only of the food of the owner 

 and its young. Brit. Zool. vol. i. p. 249. E. 



\ The Straw-worm or Rough Coat is found in most streams. It produces various 

 flies, as the withy fly, ash-coloured duns, and light and dark browns of different shapes 

 and dimensions. B. 



