THE ANGLER AND HUNTSMAN 223 



country. Recognizing this necessity, they will then realize 

 that they have several forms of protection against any undue 

 competition for range by wild game. The most important 

 of these safeguards are (1) difference in habits between 

 wild and domestic animals, (2) limitation in size of refuges, 

 (3) control of refuges through flexible administrative regu- 

 lations analogous to the grazing regulations of the Unit"<l 

 States Forest Service, (4) control of amount of game 

 through the hunting of the surplus stock. 



"It is well known that such animals as deer and moun- 

 tain sheep can do well where domestic stock can not. Of the 

 western game animals it can safely be asserted that the wild 

 sheep and the Rocky Mountain goat will never compete 

 with live stock, since, by preference, they inhabit the most 

 inhospitable fastnesses. The elk, it must be admitted, does 

 compete with live stock ; but the elk will never come back. 

 In the case of the deer, we are concerned with a browsing 

 animal which will never offer any serious competition with 

 domestic herds. No one can point out an authentic in- 

 stance of deer hampering the live stock industry, and there 

 are no conditions in the West under which they can conceiv- 

 ably do so. As for turkey and other game birds, the ques- 

 tion of competition does not enter at all ; they are an invalu- 

 able by-product which in no wise interferes with stockrais- 

 ing. ' The difference in habits must be taken full advantage 

 of, and game refuges should where possible be limited to 

 the areas that are least suitable for stock grazing. 



"A cardinal factor of a successful game refuge policy, 

 however, lies in geographical location. The refuges must be 

 in sufficient numbers and so situated as to assure a supply 

 of game in every region where it is desirable. There may or 

 may not be waste range unsuitable for stockraising. Where 

 there is no waste range this fact should not bar the creation 

 of a needed refuge, for the refuge will not exclude stock 

 grazing or interfere with it. In some cases the refuges will 

 embrace lands both suitable and unsuitable for domestic 

 ;-nimals, but in any event, with the single exception of the 



