304 THE COMPLETE ANGLER, PART I. 



]y, taken in the beginning of summer ; and are good, 

 indeed, to take any kind of fish, with float or other- 

 wise. I might tell yon of many more which, as these 

 do early, so those have their time, also, of turning 

 to be flies, later in summer : but I might lose myself, 

 and tire you, by such a discourse: I shall therefore 

 but remember you, that To know these, and their se- 

 veral Kinds, cindy to what flies every particular cadis 

 turns; and, then, how to use them, first, as they be 

 cadis, and, after, as they be jlies : is an art ; and an 

 art that every one that professes to be an angler has not 

 leisure to search after, and if he had, is not capable of 

 learning*. 



* " The several sorts of phryganea, or cadews in their nymfba t or mag- 

 " got state thus, house themselves: one sort, in straws, called from thence 

 " straw-worms ; others, in two or more sticks laid parallel to one an- 

 other, creeping at the bottom of biooks; others, with a small bundle 

 * of pieces of rushes, duck- weed, sticks, \fc. glued together, wherewith 

 ' they float on the top, and can row themselves therein, about the waters, 

 " with the help of their feet : both these are called cad-bait. Divers 

 '* sorts there are, which the reader may see a summary of, from Mr. 

 Willoughby, in Rail Method. Insect, p. 12, together with a good, 

 " though very brief, description of the papilionaceous fly that comes 

 * from the cad-bait cadew. It is a notable architectonic faculty, which 

 * all the variety of these animals have, to gather such bodies as are fittat 

 ** for tLtir purpose, and then to glue them toother; some to be heavier thun 

 " water, that the animal may remain at bottom, where its food is ; (for 

 which purr-eve, they use stouts, together with sticks, rushes, &c.:) 

 *' and some to be lighter than water, to float on the top, and, gather its 

 *' food from thence. These little houses look coarse, and shew no great 

 " artifice outwardly ; but are well tunnelled, and made, within, with a 

 *' hard tough paste, into which, the hind part of the maggot is so fixed, 

 " that it can draw its cell after it any where, without danger of leaving 

 *' it behind; as also thrust out its body, to reach what it wanteth ; or, 

 " withdraw it into its cell to guard it against harms." Pbys. Theol. 234. 



Thus much of cadis, in general, as an illustration of what our author 

 has said on that subject. But to be more particular: 



That which Walton calls the piper-cadis I have never seen; but a 

 very learned and ingenious friend of mine, who has, for fifty years past, 

 teen an angler, and a curious observer of aquatic productions, has fur- 

 cislied me with an Account of that insect ; which I shall give the reader, 

 in nearly his own words : 



" The piper-caJh I take to be the largest of the tribe, and that it takes 

 * itb name not from any sound, but figure. I never met with it but in 

 '* rivers, running upon beds of lime-stone or large pebbles; they are 

 ' common in Northern and Welch streams. The cadeiv itself is about 

 ** an inch long, and. in some, above. The case is straight, and rough; the 

 ** outward surface covered with gravel or sand : the fistula, or pipe, in 

 ' which it is contained, seems to be a small stick, of which the pith was 



