WATER INSECTS AND THE RISE 63 



THE SIALID.E (the Alder). The wings of the members 

 of this family are carried in a similar manner to those of the 

 Trichoptera, but the family is a smaller one (see Plate VIII., 

 Fig. 4). 



THE PERLID.E. The wings are placed in a flat position, 

 running backward from the shoulder in horizontal planes, 

 and crossing or overlapping one another over the body 

 (see Plate VIII., Fig. 2). 



THE DIPTERA. The wings generally, like the Perlidae, 

 are placed in horizontal planes ; in most cases they do not 

 overlap, but diverge from one another, as in the common 

 housefly. 



There are over 200 different species of water beetle, the 

 numerous family of the Notonectidae, besides the larvae of 

 the above flies, etc., upon all of which trout exist ; and, 

 therefore, the wet fly fisherman may well imitate other 

 forms of sub-aqueous life. 



THE EPHEMERID.E 



The sub-aqueous existence of one of the Ephemeridae 

 occupies the greater portion of its life. From the period at 

 which it leaves its egg until it becomes a flying insect it is 

 undergoing a gradual metamorphosis, and, like the Perlidae, 

 at no time does it assume the real pupal condition that is, 

 the dormant chrysalis stage common to the Trichoptera, 

 Sialidae, and the Diptera. 



It should therefore, strictly speaking, only be alluded to 

 as being in a larval condition until it becomes a sub-imago, 

 but for distinction the latter period of its larval condition 

 may be termed pupal. It is at about this latter period that 

 it begins to be of most interest to the fly fisherman, and, 

 with the kind assistance of Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse, of 

 the South Kensington Museum, I have been able in Plate VI. , 

 Figs. 1 and 3, to give two characteristic views of its 



