BOrANlCAL TERMS. 



Perfoliate : when the lobes of a sessile leaf grow together 



at the back of the stem, so that the stem seems to pass 



through the leaf (Fig. 87). 

 Connate, or Connate-perfoliate : when two opposite sessile 



leaves grow together by their bases (Fig. 88). 

 Decurrent : when the lobes of a sessile leaf grow down the 



sides of the stem (Fig. 89). 



Surface. 



(The student should use his lens in determining the 

 character of the surface of either stem or leaf.) 



Smooth, or Glabrous : entirely without hairs. 



Glaucous ; covered with a bloom which may be rubbed off 

 with the fingers, as in Cabbage. 



Punctate: showing transparent dots when held up to the 

 light, as in St. John's Wort. 



Scabrous : rough, but without hairs. 



Pubescent : covered with fine soft short hairs. 



Villous : with long soft hairs. 



ToMENTOSE : with matted hairs. 



Sericeous : with silky hairs. 



Hoary : with white down. 



Hispid : with stifE hairs. 



Spinous : with scattered spines. 



Rugose : wrinkled. 



CiLiATE : with hairs on the edge. 



Colour. 



The colour of the leaf must be described by an appro- 

 priate term, and if, as is often the case, the two surfaces 

 differ in colour, this fact must be noted. 



Texture. 



lieaves differ very much in texture. Some are very 

 thin and soft, others almost leathery, while others again 

 are very thick and fleshy. In describing a leaf, judg- 

 ment must be exercised in selecting a suitable term. 



Duration 



Fugacious, or Caducous : falling off early in summer. 

 Deciduous : falling off in autumn, as in most trees and 



shrubs. 

 Persistent, or Evergreen : remaining at least a year on the 



plant. 



Vernation, or mode of folding in the bud. 



Conduplicate : doubled lengthwise. Shown in cross-section 



in Fig. 90. 

 Plicate : folded like a fan, as in Mallow (Fig. 91). 

 Convolute : rolled from one edge to the other (Fig. 92). 



